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as soon as I come

  • 1 ἄν

    1
    I. ἄν (after relatives ἐάν [q.v.] is oft. used for ἄν, but the mss. vary greatly, s. B-D-F §107; 377; Mlt. 42ff, 165ff; Mayser 152f; Crönert 130f; Thackeray 67; Dssm., NB 30ff [BS 202ff]). A particle peculiar to Gk. (Hom.+) denoting aspect of contingency, incapable of translation by a single English word; it denotes that the action of the verb is dependent on some circumstance or condition; the effect of ἄν upon the meaning of its clause depends on the mood and tense/aspect of the verb w. which it is used. The NT use of ἄν corresponds in the main to older Gk., although the rich variety of its employment is limited, as is generally the case in later Greek. In certain constructions (s. aβ) an aspect of certainty is indicated, suggesting the gloss would. In most other instances aspects of varying possibility or conditionality find expression in ways that can be rendered ever, but with other glosses required when ἄν is used in conjunction with other particles.
    ⓐ ἄν w. aor. or impf. indic.
    α. denoting repeated action in past time, but only under certain given conditions, esp. after relatives (B-D-F §367; Rob. index): aor. (Gen 30:42; Num 9:17; 1 Km 14:47; Ezk 10:11) ὅσοι ἂν ἥψαντο αὐτοῦ, ἐσῴζοντο whoever touched him was cured Mk 6:56. Impf. (Ezk 1:20; 1 Macc 13:20; Tob 7:11) ὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο εἰς κώμας wherever he went (as he was accustomed to do—ADebrunner, D. hellenist. Nebensatziterativpräteritum mit ἄν: Glotta 11, 1920, 1–28) into villages Mk 6:56. καθότι ἄν τις χρείαν εἶχεν as anyone was in need Ac 2:45; 4:35. Similarly ὡς ἂν ἤγεσθε (v.l. ἀνήγεσθε) 1 Cor 12:2. Cp. also ὅταν 1bγ and δ.
    β. in the apodosis of a contrary to fact (unreal) condition w. εἰ (B-D-F §360; but ἄν is not always used [s. the vv.ll. J 18:36]: §360, 1; Mlt. 199ff; PMelcher, De sermone Epicteteo 1905, 75); it is found
    א. w. impf. (4 Macc 17:7; Bar 3:13; ParJer 5:20; GrBar 6:6; ApcMos 39) οὗτος εἰ ἦν προφήτης, ἐγίνωσκεν ἄν if he were a prophet, he would (now) know (but he does not) Lk 7:39. εἰ ἔχετε πίστιν …, ἐλέγετε ἄν if you had faith …, you would say 17:6. εἰ ἐπιστεύετε Μωϋσεῖ, ἐπιστεύετε ἂν ἐμοί J 5:46. εἰ ἐμὲ ᾔδειτε, καὶ τὸν πατέρα μου ἄν ᾔδειτε 8:19; cp. vs. 42; 9:41; 15:19. εἰ ἔτι ἀνθρώποις ἤρεσκον, Χριστοῦ δοῦλος οὐκ ἂν ἤμην Gal 1:10; cp. 3:21. εἰ ἑαυτοὺς διεκρίνομεν, οὐκ ἂν ἐκρινόμεθα 1 Cor 11:31. εἰ ἦν ἐπὶ γῆς, οὐδʼ ἂν ἦν ἱερεύς if he were on earth, he would not even be a priest Hb 8:4; cp. 4:8; 8:7; 11:15.
    ב. w. aor., placing the assumption in the past (Gen 30:27; Wsd 11:25; Jdth 11:2; 4 Macc 2:20; TestJob 7:9 al.; ParJer 5:5; GrBar 8:7; PGiss 47, 17) εἰ ἐγένοντο αἱ δυνάμεις, πάλαι ἂν … μετενόησαν if the miracles had been performed, they would long ago have repented Mt 11:21. εἰ ἔγνωσαν, οὐκ ἂν ἐσταύρωσαν 1 Cor 2:8; cp. Ro 9:29 (Is 1:9). εἰ ἐγνώκειτε, οὐκ ἂν κατεδικάσατε if you had recognized, you would not have condemned Mt 12:7. εἰ ἠγαπᾶτέ με, ἐχάρητε ἄν if you loved me, you would have rejoiced J 14:28; cp. 11:21. The plpf. for aor. indic. (PGiss 79 II, 6 εἰ δυνατόν μοι ἦν, οὐκ ἂν ὠκνήκειν; BGU 1141, 27f) εἰ ἦσαν, μεμενήκεισαν ἄν 1J 2:19; cp. J 11:21 v.l.—In κἀγὼ ἐλθὼν σὺν τόκῳ ἂν αὐτὸ ἔπραξα Lk 19:23, ἐλθών functions as an unreal-temporal protasis (B-D-F §360, 2); cp. καὶ ἐλθὼν ἐγὼ ἐκομισάμην ἂν τὸ ἐμόν Mt 25:27. Sim. ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἂν ἐπαύσαντο προσφερόμεναι; where ἐπεί functions as protasis, otherwise (i.e. if the sacrifices had really brought about a lasting atonement) would they not have ceased to offer sacrifices? Hb 10:2.
    ⓑ ἄν w. subjunc. after relatives, the rel. clause forming virtually the protasis of a conditional sentence (B-D-F §380, 1) of the future more vivid or present general type.
    α. w. fut. or impf. in apodosis, to show that the condition and its results are thought of as in the future, of single and repeated action (IG XIV, 865 [VI B.C.] ὸ̔ς δʼ ἄν με κλέψῃ, τυφλὸς ἔσται; TestAbr B 4 p. 109, 10 [Stone p. 66]). ὸ̔ς δʼ ἂν ποιήσῃ καὶ διδάξῃ, οὗτος μέγας κληθήσεται but whoever does and teaches=if a person does and teaches it Mt 5:19. ὸ̔ς ἂν ἐσθίῃ …, ἔνοχος ἔσται 1 Cor 11:27. οὓς ἐὰν (v.l. ἂν) δοκιμάσητε, τούτους πέμψω 16:3—Mt 10:11; 1 Cor 16:2.
    β. w. pres. in apodosis, to show that the condition and its results involve repeated action, regardless of the time element: ἃ ἂν ἐκεῖνος ποιῇ, ταῦτα καὶ ὁ υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ whatever he does, the Son does likewise J 5:19. ὅπου ἐὰν (v.l. ἂν) αὐτὸν καταλάβῃ, ῥήσσει αὐτόν wherever it seizes him Mk 9:18. ὑμῖν ἐστὶν ἡ ἐπαγγελία …, ὅσους ἂν προσκαλέσηται κύριος Ac 2:39. ὸ̔ς ἐὰν (v.l. ἂν) βουληθῇ φίλος εἶναι τοῦ κόσμου, ἐχθρὸς τοῦ θεοῦ καθίσταται whoever wishes to be a friend of the world Js 4:4. Cp. ὅπου ἄν 3:4 v.l.—Where ὅς or ὅστις appears w. subj. without ἄν (but cp. IG XII/1, 671 ὸ̔ς ἀνασπαράξῃ τ. τάφον; CPR I, 24, 33; 25, 19; AcThom 93 [Aa II/2, 206], 19; Is 7:2; 31:4), the reading that gives the fut. ind. is prob. the right one: ὅστις τηρήσῃ (v.l.-σει) Js 2:10. ὅσοι (without ἄν PPetr I, 13, 3;5; CPR I, 237, 3; IPergamon 249, 26 ὅσοι … ἐγλίπωσι τὴν πόλιν; Vett. Val. 125, 16): ὅσοι μετανοήσωσιν καὶ καθαρίσωσιν Hs 8, 11, 3 (s. W. and Joly app. for the textual tradition). See Reinhold 108; B-D-F §380, 4.
    ⓒ In temporal clauses ἄν is found w. the subjunct. when an event is to be described which can and will occur, but whose occurrence cannot yet be assumed w. certainty. So
    α. ὅταν (=ὅτε ἄν; s. ὅταν) w. pres. subjunct. to indicate regularly recurring action (Wsd 12:18): ὅταν ἄρτον ἐσθίωσιν whenever they eat bread Mt 15:2. ὅταν λαλῇ τὸ ψεῦδος whenever he tells a lie J 8:44. ὅταν λέγῃ τις whenever anyone says 1 Cor 3:4.—W. aor. subjunct. to express action in the future which is thought of as already completed (Sir Prol. ln. 22; Tob 8:21) ὅταν ποιήσητε πάντα when you have done Lk 17:10. ὅταν ἔλθῃ ὁ κύριος when the owner has come Mt 21:40; ὅταν ἔλθῃ ἐν τῇ δόξῃ Mk 8:38; cp. J 4:25; 16:13; Ac 23:35. ὅταν πάλιν εἰσαγάγῃ τὸν πρωτότοκον Hb 1:6.
    β. ἡνίκα ἄν every time that (Ex 1:10; 33:22; 34:24 al.; POxy 104, 26 [96 A.D.]; PTebt 317, 18 [174/75] ἡνίκα ἐὰν εἰς τὸν νόμον παραγένηται). ἡνίκα ἂν (also ἐάν mss.) ἀναγινώσκηται Μωϋσῆς every time that Moses is read aloud 2 Cor 3:15; cp. vs. 16.
    γ. ὁσάκις ἐάν as often as: ὁσάκις ἐὰν (also ἄν mss.) πίνητε 1 Cor 11:25. ὁσάκις ἐὰν (also ἄν mss.) ἐσθίητε vs. 26.
    δ. ὡς ἄν as soon as (PHib 59, 2 [c. 245 B.C.] ὡς ἂν λάβῃς; 66, 4; PEleph 9, 3 [III B.C.]; PParis 46, 18 [143 B.C.]; BGU 1209, 13 [23 B.C.]; Josh 2:14; Jdth 11:15; 1 Macc 15:9): ὡς ἂν πορεύωμαι as soon as I travel Ro 15:24. ὡς ἂν ἔλθω as soon as I come 1 Cor 11:34. ὡς ἂν ἀφίδω τὰ περὶ ἐμέ as soon as I see how it will go with me Phil 2:23. ὡς ἐάν (PFay 111, 16 [95/96]) Hv 3, 8, 9; 3, 13, 2.—ἀφʼ οὗ ἄν after Lk 13:25.—In the case of temporal particles indicating a goal, viz. ἕως οὗ, ἄχρις (οὗ), μέχρις (οὗ), the mss. show considerable variation; the addition of ἄν is prob. correct only in rare cases (see B-D-F §383, 2). Only ἕως ἄν (PPetr II, 40a, 28 [III B.C.] ἕως ἂν ὑγιαίνοντας ὑμᾶς ἴδωμεν; Gen 24:14, 19; 49:10; Ex 23:30 al.) has certain attestation: μείνατε ἕως ἂν ἐξέλθητε stay until you go away Mt 10:11. ἕως ἂν ἴδωσιν τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ Lk 9:27.—Mt 2:13; 5:26. ἕως ἂν λάβῃ Js 5:7 v.l.—ἄχρις οὗ (+ ἄν v.l.) ἔλθῃ 1 Cor 11:26. ἄχρις οὗ (+ ἄν v.l.) θῇ 15:25; ἄχρις οὗ ἂν ἥξω Rv 2:25 (v.l. ἄχρι). ἄχρις ἂν ἔλθῃ (cp. BGU 830, 13 [I A.D.] ἄχρις ἄν σοι ἔλθω) Gal 3:19 v.l.—πρὶν ἄν: πρὶν ἢ ἂν (vv.ll. πρὶν ἄν, πρὶν ἢ, only πρὶν or ἕως ἂν) ἴδῃ τὸν Χριστόν Lk 2:26 (B-D-F §383, 3).
    ⓓ In purpose clauses the Attic (EHermann, Griech. Forschungen I, 1912, 267f; JKnuenz, De enuntiatis Graec. finalibus 1913, 13ff; 26ff) ὅπως ἄν, esp. freq. in earlier ins (Meisterhans3-Schw. 254), has become quite rare (LXX still rather often: Gen 18:19; 50:20; Ex 33:13; Jer 7:23 al.) ὅπως ἂν ἀποκαλυφθῶσιν διαλογισμοί Lk 2:35. ὅπως ἂν ἔλθωσιν καιροί Ac 3:20.—15:17 (Am 9:12 v.l.); Ro 3:4 (Ps 50:6); Mt 6:5 v.l.
    ⓔ The opt. w. ἄν in a main clause (potential opt.) has almost wholly disappeared; a rare ex. is εὐξαίμην (v.l. εὐξάμην) ἄν Ac 26:29 in Paul’s speech before Agrippa (literary usage; s. B-D-F §385, 1; also Rob. 938; Themist. 6 p. 80 D.—On the rarity of the potential opt. in pap, LXX, Apost. Fathers see CHarsing, De Optat. in Chartis Aeg. Usu, diss. Bonn 1910, 28; Reinhold 111). Cp.—also in the literary lang. of Lk—direct rhetor. questions (Gen 23:15; Job 19:23; Sir 25:3; 4 Macc 7:22; 14:10 v.l.; TestJob 13:5 τίς ἄν δώῃ 35:5) πῶς γὰρ ἂν δυναίμην; Ac 8:31. τί ἂν θέλοι οὗτος λέγειν; 17:18. Dg has also preserved the opt. as a mark of elegant style (2:3, 10; 3:3f; 4:5; 7:2f; 8:3). MPol 2:2 has τίς οὐκ ἂν θαυμάσειεν;—More freq. in an indirect question, after an impf. or histor. pres. (B-D-F §386, 1; Rob. 938f) τὸ τί ἂν θέλοι καλεῖσθαι αὐτό what he wanted the child’s name to be Lk 1:62. τίς ἂν εἴη περὶ οὗ λέγει J 13:24. τὸ τίς ἂν εἴη μείζων αὐτῶν which of them was the greatest Lk 9:46; cp. 18:36 v.l. τί ἂν ποιήσαιεν τῷ Ἰησοῦ what they should do to Jesus 6:11. τί ἂν γένοιτο τοῦτο Ac 5:24. τί ἂν εἴη τὸ ὅραμα 10:17. (IMagnMai 215 [I A.D.] ἐπερωτᾷ … τί ἂν ποιήσας … ἀδεῶς διατελοίη; Esth 3:13c πυθομένου δέ μου … πῶς ἂν ἀχθείη τοῦτο.)
    ⓕ The use of ἄν w. inf. and ptc., freq. in earlier Gk., is not found in the NT at all (B-D-F §396); ἵνα μὴ δόξω ὡς ἂν (or ὡσὰν, q.v.) ἐκφοβεῖν ὑμᾶς 2 Cor 10:9 is surely to be expl. in such a way that ὡς ἂν=Lat. quasi: I would not want it to appear as if I were frightening you; s. B-D-F §453, 3; Mlt. 167.—On εἰ μήτι ἂν (sc. γένηται) ἐκ συμφώνου except perhaps by agreement 1 Cor 7:5 s. B-D-F §376; Mlt. 169.—M-M.
    2
    II. ἄν for ἐάν is rare in Hellen. Gk. (B-D-F §107; Mlt. 43 n. 2; cp. Hyperid. 4, 5; 5, 15; Teles p. 31, 6; Plut., Mor. 547a; Epict., index Schenkl; pap [Mayser 152]; ins, esp. of the Aegean Sea [Rdm.2 198, 3; s. also SIG index IV 204]; 1 Esdr 2:16; 4 Macc 16:11; Jos., Ant. 4, 70; 219; Test12Patr; Mel. Fgm. 8b 24), but appears J 13:20; 16:23; 20:23; as v.l. 5:19; 9:22; 12:32; 19:12; Ac 9:2; and IMg 10:1.—Mlt. 63, 1.—M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἄν

  • 2 φθάνω

    φθάνω, Il.9.506, [tense] impf.
    A

    ἔφθανον X.HG6.2.30

    , AP9.272 ([place name] Bianor): [tense] fut.

    φθήσομαι Il.23.444

    , Th.5.10, Pl.R. 375c, etc.; but φθάσω [ᾰ] Hp. Morb.3.13 (s. v. l.), X.Cyr.5.4.38: [tense] aor.

    ἔφθᾰσα Hdt.7.161

    , A.Pers. 752 (troch.), Th.3.49, X.Cyr.7.1.19, etc.; imper.

    φθάσον J.AJ6.11.7

    ; opt. [ per.] 3sg.

    φθάσειε Isoc.8.120

    , pl.

    φθάσειαν X.HG7.2.14

     (this tense prevails in later Gk., Plb.3.66.1, etc.); [dialect] Dor.

    ἔφθασσα Theoc.2.115

    : but the only [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. is ἔφθην, not found in A. or S., but the more usual form in E. and Ar., less freq. in Th., X., D.; pl. ἔφθημεν, -ητε, -ησαν, E.Ph. 1468, Isoc.5.7, Antipho 2.2.5, [dialect] Ep.pl.3

    φθάν Il.11.51

    ; subj. φθῶ, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. φθήῃ, φθῇσιν, 16.861, 23.805; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 1pl.

    φθέωμεν Od.16.383

    ; [ per.] 3pl.

    φθέωσι 24.437

    ; opt. φθαίην, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. φθαίησι ([etym.] παρα-) Il.10.346; inf.

    φθῆναι Hdt.6.115

    , Th.4.4; part.

    φθάς Hdt.3.71

    ; [dialect] Ep. part. [voice] Med.

    φθάμενος Il.5.119

    , al., Hes.Op. 554: [tense] pf. ἔφθᾰκα Philipp. ap. D.18.39, LXX 2 Ch.28.9, IG12 9).906.26 (Chalcis, iii A. D.);

    πέφθακα Ps.-Callisth. 2.10

     (v. l): [tense] plpf.

    ἐφθάκει Plu.Galb. 17

    , Luc.Philops.6:—[voice] Pass., Arist.Mu. 395a18: [tense] impf.

    ἐφθάνετο AP9.278

     ([place name] Bianor);

    ἐφθάνοντο J.BJ5.2.4

     (v.l. ἐφονεύοντο): [tense] aor.

    ἐφθάσθην D.H. 6.25

    , Epigr.Gr. 315 ([place name] Smyrna), IPE2.197 (Panticapaeum, ii A. D.), J.AJ8.12.4. Gal.4.560. [[pron. full] φθᾰνω always in [dialect] Att. (so also in AP9.272 ([place name] Bianor), APl.4.382, 384); φθᾱνω in Il.9.506, 21.262 (where Zenod. read φθανέει for φθάνει) ]:— come or do first or before others:
    I c. acc. pers., to be beforehand with, overtake, outstrip, in running or otherwise,

    φθάνει δέ τε καὶ τὸν ἄγοντα Il.21.262

    ;

    φθῆ σε τελος θανάτοιο 11.451

    , cf. Hes.Op. 554, 570, Hdt.7.161, E.Heracl. 120, IT 669, Isoc.9.42, etc.;

    οὐ μὴ φθάσωμεν τοὺς κοιμηθέντας 1 Ep.Thess.4.15

    ; so ἔφθησαν τὸν χειμῶνα they anticipated the storm, Hdt.7.188;

    φθάσας τὸν λογισμόν D.21.38

    :—[voice] Pass., to be overtaken,

    ὑπό τινος Arist. Mu. 395a18

    , AP9.278 ([place name] Bianor); ἐφθάσθην (v. supr.).
    II abs., come or act first, opp. ὑστερέω or ὑστερίζω, E.Ph. 975, X.An.6.1.18, cf. Th.4.121; τοῦ φθάσαντος ἁρπαγή the prey of the first comer, A.Pers. 752 (troch.), cf. Fr.23 (lyr.);

    πρὶν ἐλθεῖν αὐτοὺς φθάσαι βουλόμενοι Th.7.36

    ;

    μὴ φθάσῃ ἐς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον ἐσπλεύσας Id.8

    , 100;

    φθάσαι πρὶν ἀδικηθῆναι Arist.Pol. 1302b23

    , cf. Rh. 1373a23; in later writers, τὰ φθάσαντα the things before mentioned, Ael.VH 1.34, Arg.D.46; part. φθάνων, φθάσας previous,

    τῶν φθασάντων δυεῖν βιβλίων Porph.Abst.3.1

    ; ἐν τοῖς φθάνουσιν ἔργοις Dex.Hist.Fr. 26 J.;

    τοῖς φθάνουσι κατορθώμασι Id.Fr.6

     J.;

    οἱ φθάσαντες πόνοι Agath.5.16

    ;

    τὸ φθάνον

     previous time,

    Ael.VH14.6

    ; τὸ φθάσαν, τὰ φθάσαντα, the past, Agath.3.2, al., Procop.Gaz.Ep.32;

    ὁ φθάσας χρόνος Men.

     Prot.p.127 D.
    2 with Preps., come or arrive first,

    ἕως τῶν οὐρανῶν LXX 2 Ch.28.9

    ;

    ἔφθασεν ἐφ' ὑμᾶς Ev.Matt.12.28

    , Ev.Luc.11.20, cf. 1 Ep.Thess.2.16: φ. εἰς .., simply, arriveat, attain to, Ep.Rom.9.31, Ep.Phil.3.16, Plu.2.338a;

    φθάσομεν εἰς Πηλούσι<ον> PPar.18.14

     (ii A. D.): abs., of Time, arrive, καιρὸς τῆς τομῆς ἔφθακε (v.l. ἔφθασεν) LXXCa. 2.12; ἔφθασεν ὁ μὴν ὁ ἕβδομος ib.2 Es.3.1.
    b extend,

    μέχρι γῆς Plot.3.27

    ;

    εἰς βορρᾶν PFlor.50.87

     (iii A. D.).
    c reach,

    αἰθέρα APl.4.384

    .
    d Gramm., to be applied or applicable,

    ἐπ' ἀμφοτέρας τὰς διαθέσεις A.D.Synt.211.22

    , cf. 217.23, al.
    III the action in which one is beforehand is expressed by the part. agreeing with the subject, [Ἄτη] πολλὸν ὑπεκπροθέει, φθάνει δέ τε πᾶσαν ἐπ' αἶαν βλάπτουσ' ἀνθρώπους and is beforehand in doing men mischief, Il.9.506; ἀλλ' ἄρα μιν φθῆ Τηλέμαχος κατόπισθε βαλών Telemachus was beforehand with him in striking, i.e. struck first, Od.22.91, cf. 16.383, Il.10.368;

    ἔφθασέν με προαπελθὼν Χάρμος PCair.Zen.16.3

     (iii B. C.); ἔφθησαν ἀπικόμενοι arrived first, Hdt.4.136, cf. 6.115; so φ. εὐεργετῶν to be the first to show a kindness, X.Mem.2.3.14;

    ὅπως φθάσειαν βοηθήσαντες Id.HG7.2.14

    ;

    ἔφθασαν προκαταλαβόντες Th.3.112

    ;

    φθάνουσιν αὐτοὺς προκαταφυγοῦσαι Id.2.91

    ;

    ἢν φθάσωσιν πρότερον διαφθείραντες τὸ στράτευμα Id.7.25

    ;

    φ. γόνασι προσπεσὼν πατρός E.HF 986

    , etc: part. [voice] Pass. is also used, ἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη πόλις ἁλοῦσα, i.e. it would be taken first, Il.13.815; εἴ κε φθήῃ τυπείς shall be wounded first, 16.861; φθαίητε γὰρ ἂν.. ἐξανδραποδισθέντες ἣ .. Hdt.6.108;

    μὴ φθάσωσι προεπιβουλευόμενοι Th.3.83

    ;

    ἔφθη κατακωλυθείς X.HG1.6.17

    ; φθάνειν δεῖ πεφραγμένους τοὶς πόρους they must first be blocked up, Id.Cyr.2.4.25: these clauses, being compar. in sense, are folld. by a gen., φθὰν δὲ μέγ' ἱππήων.. κοσμηθέντες were drawn up before the drivers, Il.11.51; more freq. by πρὶν .. or

    ἢ.., ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος, πρὶν οὐτάσαι 16.322

    , cf. Antipho1.29, X. Cyr.3.2.4;

    φθήσονται τούτοισι πόδες καὶ γοῦνα καμόντα ἢ ὑμῖν Il.23.444

    ;

    ἔφθης πεζὸς ἰὼν ἢ ἐγὼ σὺν νηΐ Od.11.58

    ; ἔφθησαν ἀναβάντες πρὶν ἢ .. Hdt.9.70; ἔφθησαν ἐκπεσόντες πρότερον ἢ .. Id.6.91.
    b in later Gr., c. part. to express previous action or happening, φθάνω ὑμῖν πρότερον γεγραφηκώς I have already written to you, POxy.1666.3 (iii A. D.), cf. 237 vi30 (ii A. D.), etc.;

    ἔφθασα εἰρηκώς Luc.Pisc.29

    ;

    ὡς ἔφθην εἰπών Id.Par.3

    ; cf. 111.2b.
    2 in the same sense, part. φθάς or φθάσας, [dialect] Ep. φθάμενος, is used like an Adv. with a principal Verb, ὅς μ' ἔβαλε φθάμενος, for ὅς μ' ἔφθη βαλών, Il.5.119, cf. 13.387, Od. 19.449; οὐκ ἄλλος φθὰς ἐμεῦ κατήγορος ἔσται no other shall be an accuser before me, Hdt.3.71; ἀνέῳξάς με φθάσας you opened the door before me, Ar.Pl. 1102;

    φθάσας προσπεσοῦμαι Th.5.9

    , cf. 2.91, X.Cyr. 1.5.3, etc.; even with a part.,

    φθάσας.. ἁρπάσας Hdt.6.65

    ; rarely part. [tense] pres.,

    φθάνοντες δῃοῦμεν X.Cyr.3.3.18

    .
    3 rarely c. inf., ὁ φθάσας θαρσῆσαι he that first gains confidence, Th.3.82; σπεύδειν ὅπως.. φθαίης ἔτ' εἰς ἐκκλησίαν ἐλθεῖν (v.l. ἐλθών ) hurry to be in time to get to.., Ar.Eq. 935 (lyr.), cf. Nu. 1384 (v. infr. IV. 1); μόλις φθάνει θρόνοισιν ἐμπεσοῦσα μὴ χαμαὶ πεσεῖν hardly manages by falling first on the seat not to fall on the ground, E.Med. 1169; more freq. in later writers, of actions which one manages to do, does before or has done first or already, A.R.1.1189, D.H.4.59,61, Sor.1.111, Gal.15.2,93, Luc. DMort.13.2, Harm.2;

    ἐὰν φθάσω πρὸ τῆς τρύγης ἀνελθεῖν PSI8.971.10

     (iii/iv A. D.);

    ἐὰν ὁ ἰατρὸς αὐτὸ φθάσῃ κενῶσαι Gal.16.499

    ; φθάνοντος ἤδη πυρέττειν ἐκ τεττάρων ἡμερῶν τοῦ νοσοῦντος having already begun, ib.498; μὴ φθάνων προσηκόντως τρέφεσθαι if he is not first suitably nourished, Id.18(2).36, cf. 84,103; συμβαίνει φθάνειν ἀποθνῄσκειν τοὺς νεωτέρους the young die first, ib.222; εἰ φθάσαιμεν παλαιοὺς πίθους ἔχειν μεγάλους if we already have.., Gp.6.3.11, cf. 10.22.2, al., A.D.Pron.90.1;

    ἔφθακεν οὖν ταῦτα ἐψηφίσθαι καὶ τῇ βουλῇ IG12(9).906.26

     (Chalcis, iii A. D.).
    IV with negatives,
    1 with οὐ and part. (inf. is v. l. in Ar.Nu. 1384), folld. by καί or καὶ εὐθύς, of two actions following close on each other, οὐ φθάνειν χρὴ συσκιάζοντας γένυν καὶ.. ὁρμᾶν you must no sooner get your beard than you march, E.Supp. 1219; οὐ φθάνει ἐξαγόμενος καὶ εὐθὺς ὅμοιός ἐστι τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις no sooner is he brought out than he becomes unclean, X.Eq.5.10, cf. Ar.Nu. 1384; οὐκ ἔφθημεν εἰς Τροιζῆν' ἐλθόντες καὶ τοιαύταις νόσοις ἐλήφθημεν ἐξ ὧν .. no sooner had we come to Troezen than.., Isoc.19.22, cf. 5.53, 8.98, 9.53; οὐκ ἔφθη μοι συμβᾶσα ἡ ἀτυχία καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπεχείρησαν διαφορῆσαι τἄνδοθεν scarcely or no sooner had misfortune befallen me when.., D.57.65, cf. 43.69, Isoc.4.86.
    2 οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε, with part. [tense] pres., express a strong exhortation or urgent command, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε τὴν ταχίστην ὀπίσω ἀπαλλασσόμενοι you could not be too quick in departing, i.e. make haste and be off, Hdt.7.162; οὐ φθάνοιτ' ἔτ' ἄν θνῄσκοντες make haste and die, E.Or. 936, cf. 941, Alc. 662, Heracl. 721, Tr. 456 (troch.), IT 245;

    οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτον τοῦτο πράττοντε Ar.Pl. 485

    ; ἀποτρέχων οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις ib. 1133; εἰς ἀγορὰν ἰὼν ταχέως οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις ib. 874, cf. Ec. 118;

    οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις λέγων Pl. Smp. 185e

    , X.Mem.2.3.11; these phrases are not to be treated as questions, cf. οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιμι (sc. λέγων) Pl.Smp. 214e, cf. Phd. 100c, D.25.40, Luc.Fug.26, Symp.2, Anach.14: c. part. [tense] aor., once in Luc., Vit.Auct.26.
    b in 1, 2, or 3 pers., to express immediate futurity, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις ἀκούων you shall hear in a moment, Pl.Euthd. 272d; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι τὸ πλῆθος τούτοις τοῖς θηρίοις δουλεῦον will soon (or inevitably) be enslaved to.., D.24.143; also to express what is logically inevitable, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιεν αὐτοὺς προσκυνοῦντες they will soon be (or cannot logically help) worshipping them, Aristeas 137;

    τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις καὶ Ἐμπεδοκλεῖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ἐγκαλῶν Luc.Fug.2

    ;

    οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι κἀμὲ μάντιν λέγων Id.Hes.8

    ;

    οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι τις ἁπάσας ἀναιρῶν τὰς τοιαύτας προστασίας Id.Apol.11

    : c. part. [tense] aor., Id.Tox.2.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > φθάνω

  • 3 ἥκω

    ἥκω, Il.5.478: [tense] impf. ἧκον (v. infr.): [tense] fut. ἥξω (v. infr.); [dialect] Dor.
    A

    ἡξῶ Theoc.4.47

    , Call.Fr.1.65 P. (in [dialect] Dor. and Hom. more commonly ἵκω): all other tenses late; [tense] aor. 1 part.

    ἥξας Paus.2.11.5

    , Gal.6.56, 10.609: [tense] pf.

    ἧκα Philostr.VA3.24

    , Scymn.62, [ per.] 1pl.

    ἥκαμεν UPZ72.9

     (ii B.C.), CIG4762 (Egypt, i A.D.), [dialect] Dor. ἥκαμες f.l. in Plu.2.225b, [ per.] 2pl.

    ἥκατε PGrenf.2.36.18

     (i B.C.), [ per.] 3pl.

    ἥκασι LXX4 Ki.20.14

    , Ev.Marc.8.3; inf.

    ἡκέναι UPZ6.30

     (ii B.C.): [tense] plpf.

    ἥκεσαν J.AJ19.1.14

    : —[voice] Med., [tense] pres. subj.

    ἥκηται Aret.SD2.1

    : [tense] fut. ἥξομαι v.l. in M.Ant. 2.4:—to have come, be present, prop. in a [tense] pf. sense, with [tense] impf. ἧκον as [tense] plpf., I had come, and [tense] fut. ἥξω as [tense] fut. [tense] pf., I shall have come,

    μάλα τηλόθεν ἥκω Il.5.478

    , cf. Od.13.325, Pi.O.4.12 ( ἵκω codd. vett.): [tense] impf.

    ἧκον A.Pr. 661

    , Th.1.91, al., Pl.R. 327c, Hdt.8.50, etc.: [tense] fut.

    ἥξω A.Pr. 103

    , al., E.Andr. 738, Ar. Pax 265, Orac. ap. Th.2.54, etc.; ἧκε imper., S.Aj. 1116, Ar. Pax 275, X.Cyr.4.5.25;

    ἡκέτω E.Rh. 337

    :—Constr. mostly with εἰς, Hdt.8.50, A.Ch.3, etc.;

    παρά τινα Hdt.7.157

    , Th.1.137;

    πρός τινα A.Ch. 659

    ;

    πρὸς δαίμονα S.Fr. 770

    ; esp. in worship,

    ἥκω πρὸς τὴν κυρίαν Ἶσιν OGI186.6

     (Egypt, i B.C.), cf. Ev.Jo.6.37;

    πρὸς πόλιν S.OC 734

    ; ἐπί τινα to set upon, attack, Pl.R. 336b, Aeschin. 2.178; but ἥ. ἐπὶ τὸ στράτευμα to have come to fetch the army, X. An.7.6.2;

    οἱ ἐπὶ ταῦθ' ἥκοντες D.18.28

    ;

    ἐπ' ὀλέθρῳ E.IA 886

     (troch.);

    περὶ σπονδῶν X.An.2.3.4

    : c. acc.,

    ἥξεις ποταμόν A.Pr. 717

    , cf. 724, 730;

    ἥ. δῆμον τὸν Λυρκείου S.Fr.271.6

    , cf. E.Ba.1;

    ἥκουσιν αὐτῷ ἄγγελοι X.Cyr.5.3.26

    ; ἐς ταὐτὸν ἥ. to have come to the same point, to agree, E.Hec. 748, Hipp. 273: with Adv. of motion, ἥ. ἐνθάδε, δεῦρο, S.Ph. 377, D.19.58;

    βῆναι κεῖθεν ὅθενπερ ἥκει S.OC 1227

    : c. neut. Pron.,

    αὐτὰ ταῦτα ἥκω παρά σε Pl.Prt. 310e

    ; ἐρωτώμενοι ὅ τι ἥκοιεν for what they had come, X.HG4.5.9: c. acc. cogn.,

    ὁδὸν μακρὰν ἥκειν Id.Cyr.5.5.42

    : c.inf., μανθάνειν γὰρ ἥκομεν we are here to learn, S. OC12.
    b διὰ μάχης, δι' ὀργῆς ἥκειν, A.Supp. 475, S.OC 905; cf.

    διά A.

     IV.
    c with an Adv. folld. by gen.,

    οὕτω πόρρω σοφίας ἥκεις Pl.Euthd. 294e

    ; εὖ ἥκειν τινός to be well off for a thing, have plenty of it, τοῦ βίου, χρημάτων, Hdt.1.30, 5.62;

    ἑωυτῶν Id.1.102

    ;

    θεῶν χρηστῶν Id.8.111

    ; πιθανότητος Demetr.Magn. ap.D.H.Din.1; οὐκ ὁμοίως ἥ. τινός not to be equally well off in respect of.., Hdt.1.149; πῶς ἀγῶνος ἥκομεν; how have we sped in the contest? E.El. 751; ὧδε γένους ἥ. τινί to be this degree of kin to him, Id.Heracl. 213;

    ὡς δυνάμεως ἥκεις Paus.4.21.10

    ;

    ἐς μῆκος εὖ ἥκων Ael.NA4.34

    : abs., εὖ ἥκειν to be flourishing, Hdt.1.30: rarely c. gen. only, σὺ δὲ δυνάμιος ἥκεις μεγάλης thou art in great power, Id.7.157 (nisi leg. μεγάλως).
    3 to have come back, returned, D.20.73; from exile, And.2.13; αὐτίκα ἥξω I shall be back in a moment, X.An.2.1.9; ἧκέ νυν ταχύ come back soon, Ar. Pax 275;

    ἄψορρον ἥξεις A.Pr. 1021

    ;

    ἄψορρον ἥξομεν πάλιν S.El.53

    .
    4 c. part., ἥκω φέρων I have come bringing (i.e. with), Id.OC 579, cf. 357, Ar. Pax 265, Eup.22 D., Pl.Grg. 518d;

    ἧκεν ἄγων Id.Phd. 117a

    ;

    ἕτερόν τι ἥκεις ἕχων Id.Grg. 491c

    , etc.: c. [tense] fut. part., like ἔρχομαι, ἥκω φράσων, ἀγγελῶν, etc., I am going, I intend to say, E.Ph. 706, 1075, etc.
    5 to have come to be,

    θεοῖς ἔχθιστος ἥκω S.OT 1519

     (troch.), cf.Aj. 636(lyr.), El. 1201, etc.; take one's origin,

    ἀπὸ πολιτειῶν τοιούτων ἥκετε, ἐν αἷς.. Th.4.126

    .
    2 concern, relate to, ποῖ λόγος ἥκει; to what do the words relate? E.Tr. 154 (lyr.);

    εἰς ἔμ' ἥκει.. τὰ πράγματα Ar.Pl. 919

    ; εἰς ἐμὲ τὸ ἐλλεῖπον ἥξει will fall upon me, X.Cyr.1.5.13: freq. in part.,

    τὰ εἰς τοὺς κινδύνους ἥκοντα Antipho 5.81

    ; τὰ εἰς πλοῦτον ἥ. Pl.Erx. 392d; τὰ πρὸς ἔπαινον, εἰς φιλανθρωπίαν ἥ., Plb.12.15.9,28.17.2, etc.
    4 c. inf., ἧκέ μοι γένει.. πενθεῖν it has come to me by birth.., my birth lays it on me.., S.OC 738, cf. Ichn.356; καλῶς αὐτοῖς κατθανεῖν ἧκον βίου it being well for them at their age to die, E.Alc. 291.
    5 c. part., ὃ καὶ νῦν ἥκει γινόμενον which commonly happens even now, Plb.24.9.11 codd. (v.l. γενόμενον). (Prob. from same root as ἵκω.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἥκω

  • 4 ἐγγύς

    ἐγγύς adv. freq. funct. as prep.(Hom.+) comp. ἐγγύτερον (X. et al.; Jos., Ant. 19, 217 [cp. C. Ap. 2, 224 ἐγγίω]); superl. ἔγγιστα (Antiphon, Hippocr. et al.; ins [BCH 18, 1894, p. 324 no. 2, 26; OGI index]; BGU 69, 8; 759, 9; LXX; TestAbr A 2, p. 78, 14 [Stone p. 4], B 13 p. 117, 24 [Stone p. 82]; TestJob 2:2; Joseph. [always; e.g., Bell. 1, 289, Ant. 4, 254]).
    ① pert. to being in close proximity spatially, near, close to
    ⓐ abs. ἐ. εἶναι be close by J 19:42; IRo 10:2; Hs 9, 6, 6; αἱ ἐγγὺς κῶμαι the neighboring villages Mk 1:38 D (Appian, Iber. 42 §174 οἱ ἐγγὺς βάρβαροι; likew. Appian, Syr. 42 §220). αἱ ἔγγιστα ἐκκλησίαι the closest assemblies IPhld 10:2; cp. Mk 6:36 D οἱ ἔγγιστα ἀγροί (Dionys. Hal. 1, 22, 1 ἡ ἔγγιστα νῆσος; Ps.-Callisth. 2, 11, 6).
    ⓑ w. gen. (Hom. et al.; also Joseph. as a rule [Schmidt 379f]; TestDan 6:11; TestJob 2:2) ἐ. τοῦ Σαλίμ J 3:23; ἐ. Ἰερουσαλήμ Lk 19:11; J 11:18; Ac 1:12; ἐ. τῆς πόλεως J 19:20; ἐ. τοῦ τόπου 6:23; ἐ. τῆς ἐρήμου 11:54; ἐ. ὑδάτων Hv 3, 2, 9; 3, 7, 3. W. gen. of pers. Hs 8, 6, 5; 9, 6, 2; ApcPt 20:34.
    ⓒ w. dat. (Il. 22, 453; X., Cyr. 2, 3, 2; al. in later writers as Polyb. 21, 28, 8; Dionys. Hal. 6, 52. Cp. Kühner-G. I 408; JObrecht, D. echte u. soziative Dativ bei Pausanias, Zürich diss. 1919, 14; Ps 33:19; 144:18; Jos., Ant. 1, 335; 7, 218) Ac 9:38; 27:8.
    ⓓ ἐ. γίνεσθαι come near (opp. μακρὰν εἶναι) Eph 2:13. W. gen. (Vett. Val. 196, 28f) 2 Cl 7:3; 18:2; ἐ. τοῦ πλοίου γίνεσθαι J 6:19; ἐ. τινος ἔρχεσθαι (Theophanes, Chron. 389, 12f de Boor ἐγγύς σου ἐλθεῖν=come to you; BGU 814, 30f [III A.D.]) Hv 4, 1, 9 (Unknown Sayings 85f quotes Ox 1224, Fgm. 2 recto I, 5 [ἐγγὺς ὑμῶν γ]ενήσεται).
    ② pert. to being close in point of time, near
    ⓐ of the future: καιρός Mt 26:18; Rv 1:3; 22:10. Of summer (Herodas 3, 45 ὁ χειμὼν [winter] ἐγγύς) Mt 24:32; Mk 13:28; Lk 21:30. Of a festival J 2:13; 6:4; 7:2; 11:55. Of God’s reign Lk 21:31. Of the parousia Phil 4:5; 1 Cl 21:3; B 21:3. Of death Hs 8, 9, 4. ἐγγύτερον ἡμῶν ἡ σωτηρία, ἢ … our salvation is nearer than … Ro 13:11. Abs. soon ἐ. τὸ ἔργον τελεσθήσεται will soon be completed Hs 9, 10, 2.
    ⓑ of the past ἔγγιστα a very short time ago 1 Cl 5:1.
    ③ pert. to being close as experience or event, close, extension of mng 1 (Vi. Aesopi I 6 p. 241, 7 Eberh. ἐγγὺς ἡ γνώμη=his purpose is obvious) ἐ. σου τὸ ῥῆμά ἐστιν the word is close to you, explained by what follows: in your mouth and your heart Ro 10:8 (Dt 30:14); κατάρας ἐ. close to being cursed=under a curse Hb 6:8 (cp. Ael. Aristid. 26, 53 K.=14 p. 343 D.: ἀμήχανον καὶ κατάρας ἐγγύς); ἐ. ἀφανισμοῦ ready to disappear altogether 8:13; οἱ ἐ. (opp. οἱ μακράν as Is 57:19; Esth 9:20; Da 9:7 Theod.; TestNapht 4:5) those who are near Eph 2:17; ἐ. (εἶναι) be near of God Hv 2, 3, 4 (cp. Dio Chrys. 14 [31], 87 τινὲς σφόδρα ἐγγὺς παρεστῶτες τοῖς θεοῖς); πάντα ἐ. αὐτῷ ἐστιν everything is near (God) 1 Cl 27:3; cp. IEph 15:3 (Just., A I, 21, 6); ἐ. μαχαίρας ἐ. θεοῦ close to the sword (martyrdom) is close to God ISm 4:2 (cp. Paroem. Gr. II p. 228, Aesop 7 ὁ ἐγγὺς Διός, ἐγγὺς κεραυνοῦ; Pla., Philebus 16c ἐγγυτέρω θεῶν; X., Mem. 1, 6, 10; Pythag., Ep. 2; Crates, Ep. 11 ἐγγυτάτω θεοῦ; Lucian, Cyn. 12 οἱ ἔγγιστα θεοῖς; Wsd 6:19). Agr 3 s.v. πῦρ c. ἐ. ἐπὶ θύραις at (your) very door Mt 24:33; Mk 13:29.—B. 867. DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐγγύς

  • 5 ὡς

    ὡς (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) relative adv. of the relative pron. ὅς. It is used as
    ① a comparative particle, marking the manner in which someth. proceeds, as, like
    ⓐ corresponding to οὕτως=‘so, in such a way’: σωθήσεται, οὕτως ὡς διὰ πυρός he will be saved, (but only) in such a way as (one, in an attempt to save oneself, must go) through fire (and therefore suffer fr. burns) 1 Cor 3:15. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γυναῖκα οὕτως ἀγαπάτω ὡς ἑαυτόν Eph 5:33; cp. vs. 28. ἡμέρα κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης οὕτως ἔρχεται 1 Th 5:2. The word οὕτως can also be omitted ἀσφαλίσασθε ὡς οἴδατε make it as secure as you know how = as you can Mt 27:65. ὡς οὐκ οἶδεν αὐτός (in such a way) as he himself does not know = he himself does not know how, without his knowing (just) how Mk 4:27. ὡς ἀνῆκεν (in such a way) as is fitting Col 3:18. Cp. 4:4; Eph 6:20; Tit 1:5 (cp. Just., A I, 3, 1 ὡς πρέπον ἐστίν). ὡς πᾶσα γυνὴ γεννᾷ GJs 11:2; ὡς ἀπεκαλύφθη AcPlCor 1:8.
    ⓑ special uses
    α. in ellipses (TestAbr A 12 p. 90, 22 [Stone p. 28] θρόνος … ἐξαστράπτων ὡς πῦρ; TestJob 20:3 χρήσασθαι … ὡς ἐβούλετο; JosAs 12:7 πρὸς σὲ κατέφυγον ὡς παιδίον ἐπὶ τὸν πατέρα) ἐλάλουν ὡς νήπιος I used to speak as a child (is accustomed to speak) 1 Cor 13:11a; cp. bc; Mk 10:15; Eph 6:6a; Phil 2:22; Col 3:22. ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς περιπατεῖτε walk as (is appropriate for) children of light Eph 5:8; cp. 6:6b. ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ as (it is one’s duty to walk) in the daylight Ro 13:13. The Israelites went through the Red Sea ὡς διὰ ξηρᾶς γῆς as (one travels) over dry land Hb 11:29. οὐ λέγει ὡς ἐπὶ πολλῶν ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐφʼ ἑνός he speaks not as one would of a plurality (s. ἐπί 8), but as of a single thing Gal 3:16.—Ro 15:15; 1 Pt 5:3. Also referring back to οὕτως (GrBar 6:16 ὡς γὰρ τὰ δίστομα οὕτως καὶ ὁ ἀλέκτωρ μηνύει τοῖς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ like articulate beings the rooster informs earth’s inhabitants) οὕτως τρέχω ὡς οὐκ ἀδήλως I run as (a person) with a fixed goal 1 Cor 9:26a. Cp. ibid. b; Js 2:12.
    β. ὡς and the words that go w. it can be the subj. or obj., of a clause: γενηθήτω σοι ὡς θέλεις let it be done (= it will be done) for you as you wish Mt 15:28. Cp. 8:13; Lk 14:22 v.l. (for ὅ; cp. ὡς τὸ θέλημά σου OdeSol 11:21). The predicate belonging to such a subj. is to be supplied in οὐχ ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω (γενηθήτω) Mt 26:39a.—ἐποίησεν ὡς προσέταξεν αὐτῷ ὁ ἄγγελος he did as (= that which) the angel commanded him (to do) Mt 1:24; cp. 26:19 (on the structure s. RPesch, BZ 10, ’66, 220–45; 11, ’67, 79–95; cp. the formula Job 42:9 and the contrasting negation Ex 1:17; s. also Ex 3:21f); 28:15.—Practically equivalent to ὅ, which is a v.l. for it Mk 14:72 (JBirdsall, NovT 2, ’58, 272–75; cp. Lk 14:22 above).
    γ. ἕκαστος ὡς each one as or according to what Ro 12:3; 1 Cor 3:5; 7:17ab; Rv 22:12. ὡς ἦν δυνατὸς ἕκαστος each person interpreted them as best each could Papias (2:16).
    δ. in indirect questions (X., Cyr. 1, 5, 11 ἀπαίδευτοι ὡς χρὴ συμμάχοις χρῆσθαι) ἐξηγοῦντο ὡς ἐγνώσθη αὐτοῖς ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου they told how he had made himself known to them when they broke bread together Lk 24:35. Cp. Mk 12:26 v.l. (for πῶς); Lk 8:47; 23:55; Ac 10:38; 20:20; Ro 11:2; 2 Cor 7:15.
    ② a conjunction marking a point of comparison, as. This ‘as’ can have a ‘so’ expressly corresponding to it or not, as the case may be; further, both sides of the comparison can be expressed in complete clauses, or one or even both may be abbreviated.
    ⓐ ὡς is correlative w. οὕτως=so. οὕτως … ὡς (so, in such a way) … as: οὐδέποτε ἐλάλησεν οὕτως ἄνθρωπος ὡς οὗτος λαλεῖ ὁ ἄνθρωπος J 7:46. ὡς … οὕτως Ac 8:32 (Is 53:7); 23:11; Ro 5:15 (ὡς τὸ παράπτωμα, οὕτως καὶ τὸ χάρισμα, both halves to be completed), 18. ὡς κοινωνοί ἐστε τῶν παθημάτων, οὕτως καὶ τῆς παρακλήσεως as you are comrades in suffering, so (shall you be) in comfort as well 2 Cor 1:7. Cp. 7:14; 11:3 v.l.—ὡς … καί as … so (Plut., Mor. 39e; Ath. 15, 2) Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; 2 Cor 13:2; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20.
    ⓑ The clause beginning w. ὡς can easily be understood and supplied in many cases; when this occurs, the noun upon which the comparison depends can often stand alone, and in these cases ὡς acts as a particle denoting comparison. οἱ δίκαιοι ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος the righteous will shine out as the sun (shines) Mt 13:43. ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν ἐξήλθατε συλλαβεῖν με as (one goes out) against a robber, (so) you have gone out to arrest me 26:55 (Mel., P. 79, 574 ὡς ἐπὶ φόνιον λῄστην). γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι ὡς οἱ ὄφεις be (as) wise as serpents (are) 10:16b. Cp. Lk 12:27; 21:35; 22:31; J 15:6; 2 Ti 2:17; 1 Pt 5:8.
    ⓒ Semitic infl. is felt in the manner in which ὡς, combined w. a subst., takes the place of a subst. or an adj.
    α. a substantive
    א. as subj. (cp. Da 7:13 ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἤρχετο; cp. 10:16, 18) ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου (ἦν) ὡς θάλασσα ὑαλίνη before the throne there was something like a sea of glass Rv 4:6. Cp. 8:8; 9:7a. ἀφʼ ἑνὸς ἐγενήθησαν ὡς ἡ ἄμμος from one man they have come into being as the sand, i.e. countless descendants Hb 11:12.
    ב. as obj. (JosAs 17:6 εἶδεν Ἀσενὲθ ὡς ἅρμα πυρός) ᾂδουσιν ὡς ᾠδὴν καινήν they were singing, as it were, a new song Rv 14:3. ἤκουσα ὡς φωνήν I heard what sounded like a shout 19:1, 6abc; cp. 6:1.
    β. as adjective, pred. (mostly εἶναι, γίνεσθαι ὡς; the latter also in rendering of ךְּ to express the basic reality of something: GDelling, Jüd. Lehre u. Frömmigkeit ’67, p. 58, on ParJer 9:7) ἐὰν μὴ γένησθε ὡς τὰ παιδία if you do not become child-like Mt 18:3. ὡς ἄγγελοί εἰσιν they are similar to angels 22:30. πᾶσα σὰρξ ὡς χόρτος 1 Pt 1:24. Cp. Mk 6:34; 12:25; Lk 22:26ab; Ro 9:27 (Is 10:22); 29a (Is 1:9a); 1 Cor 4:13; 7:7f, 29–31; 9:20f; 2 Pt 3:8ab (Ps 89:4); Rv 6:12ab al. (cp. GrBar 14:1 ἐγένετο φωνὴ ὡς βροντή). Sim. also ποίησόν με ὡς ἕνα τῶν μισθίων σου treat me like one of your day laborers Lk 15:19.—The adj. or adjectival expr. for which this form stands may be used as an attribute πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως faith like a mustard seed=faith no greater than a tiny mustard seed Mt 17:20; Lk 17:6. προφήτης ὡς εἷς τῶν προφητῶν Mk 6:15. Cp. Ac 3:22; 7:37 (both Dt 18:15); 10:11; 11:5. ἐγένετο ὡς εἷς τῶν φευγόντων AcPl Ha 5, 18. ἀρνίον ὡς ἐσφαγμένον a lamb that appeared to have been slaughtered Rv 5:6.—In expressions like τρίχας ὡς τρίχας γυναικῶν 9:8a the second τρίχας can be omitted as self-evident (Ps 54:7 v.l.): ἡ φωνὴ ὡς σάλπιγγος 4:1; cp. 1:10; 9:8b; 13:2a; 14:2c; 16:3.
    ⓓ other noteworthy uses
    α. ὡς as can introduce an example ὡς καὶ Ἠλίας ἐποίησεν Lk 9:54 v.l.; cp. 1 Pt 3:6; or, in the combination ὡς γέγραπται, a scripture quotation Mk 1:2 v.l.; 7:6; Lk 3:4; Ac 13:33; cp. Ro 9:25; or even an authoritative human opinion Ac 17:28; 22:5; 25:10; or any other decisive reason Mt 5:48; 6:12 (ὡς καί).
    β. ὡς introduces short clauses: ὡς εἰώθει as his custom was Mk 10:1. Cp. Hs 5, 1, 2. ὡς λογίζομαι as I think 1 Pt 5:12. ὡς ἐνομίζετο as was supposed Lk 3:23 (Diog. L. 3, 2 ὡς Ἀθήνησιν ἦν λόγος [about Plato’s origin]; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 32 [Stone p. 12] ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ; Just., A I, 6, 2 ὡς ἐδιδάχθημεν). ὡς ἦν as he was Mk 4:36. ὡς ἔφην Papias (2:15) (ApcMos 42; cp. Just., A I, 21, 6 ὡς προέφημεν).
    γ. The expr. οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ὡς ἄνθρωπος βάλῃ τὸν σπόρον Mk 4:26 may well exhibit colloquial syntax; but some think that ἄν (so one v.l. [=ἐάν, which is read by many mss.]) once stood before ἄνθρωπος and was lost inadvertently. S. the comm., e.g. EKlostermann, Hdb. z. NT4 ’50 ad loc.; s. also Jülicher, Gleichn. 539; B-D-F §380, 4; Mlt. 185 w. notes; Rdm.2 154; Rob. 928; 968.
    ③ marker introducing the perspective from which a pers., thing, or activity is viewed or understood as to character, function, or role, as
    ⓐ w. focus on quality, circumstance, or role
    α. as (JosAs 26:7 ἔγνω … Λευὶς … ταῦτα πάντα ὡς προφήτης; Just., A I, 7, 4 ἵνα ὡς ἄδικος κολάζηται) τί ἔτι κἀγὼ ὡς ἁμαρτωλὸς κρίνομαι; why am I still being condemned as a sinner? Ro 3:7. ὡς σοφὸς ἀρχιτέκτων 1 Cor 3:10. ὡς ἀρτιγέννητα βρέφη as newborn children (in reference to desire for maternal milk) 1 Pt 2:2. μή τις ὑμῶν πασχέτω ὡς φονεύς 4:15a; cp. b, 16.—1:14; 1 Cor 7:25; 2 Cor 6:4; Eph 5:1; Col 3:12; 1 Th 2:4, 7a.—In the oblique cases, genitive (ApcSed 16:2 ὡς νέου αὐτοῦ ἐπαράβλεπον τὰ πταίσματα αὐτοῦ; Just., A I, 14, 4 ὑμέτερον ἔστω ὡς δυνατῶν βασιλέων): τιμίῳ αἵματι ὡς ἀμνοῦ ἀμώμου Χριστοῦ with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish 1 Pt 1:19. δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός glory as of an only-begotten son, coming from the Father J 1:14. Cp. Hb 12:27. Dative (Ath. 14, 2 θύουσιν ὡς θεοῖς; 28, 3 πιστεύειν ὡς μυθοποιῷ; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Κυνόσαργες: Ἡρακλεῖ ὡς θεῷ θύων): λαλῆσαι ὑμῖν ὡς πνευματικοῖς 1 Cor 3:1a; cp. bc; 10:15; 2 Cor 6:13; Hb 12:5; 1 Pt 2:13f; 3:7ab; 2 Pt 1:19. Accusative (JosAs 22:8 ἠγάπα αὐτὸν ὡς ἄνδρα προφήτην; Just., A I, 4, 4 τὸ ὄνομα ὡς ἔλεγχον λαμβάνετε; Tat. 27, 1 ὡς ἀθεωτάτους ἡμᾶς ἐκκηρύσσετε; Ath. 16, 4 οὐ προσκυνῶ αὐτὰ ὡς θεοὺς): οὐχ ὡς θεὸν ἐδόξασαν Ro 1:21; 1 Cor 4:14; 8:7; Tit 1:7; Phlm 16; Hb 6:19; 11:9. παρακαλῶ ὡς παροίκους καὶ παρεπιδήμους 1 Pt 2:11 (from the perspective of their conversion experience the recipients of the letter are compared to temporary residents and disenfranchised foreigners, cp. the imagery 1 Pt 1:19 above and s. παρεπίδημος and πάροικος 2).—This is prob. also the place for ὸ̔ ἐὰν ποιῆτε, ἐργάζεσθε ὡς τῷ κυρίῳ whatever you have to do, do it as work for the Lord Col 3:23. Cp. Eph 5:22. εἴ τις λαλεῖ ὡς λόγια θεοῦ if anyone preaches, (let the pers. do so) as if (engaged in proclaiming the) words of God 1 Pt 4:11a; cp. ibid. b; 2 Cor 2:17bc; Eph 6:5, 7.
    β. ὡς w. ptc. gives the reason for an action as one who, because (X., Cyr. 7, 5, 13 κατεγέλων τῆς πολιορκίας ὡς ἔχοντες τὰ ἐπιτήδεια; Appian, Liby. 56 §244 μέμφεσθαι τοῖς θεοῖς ὡς ἐπιβουλεύουσι=as being hostile; Polyaenus 2, 1, 1; 3, 10, 3 ὡς ἔχων=just as if he had; TestAbr B 8 p. 112, 17 [Stone p. 72] ὡς αὐτῷ ὄντι φίλῳ μου (do it for) him [Abraham] as a friend of mine; TestJob 17:5 καθʼ ἡμῶν ὡς τυραννούντων against us as though we were tyrants; ApcMos 23 ὡς νομίζοντες on the assumption that (we would not be discovered); Jos., Ant. 1, 251; Ath. 16, 1 ὁ δὲ κόσμος οὐχ ὡς δεομένου τοῦ θεοῦ γέγονεν; SIG 1168, 35); Paul says: I appealed to the Emperor οὐχ ὡς τοῦ ἔθνους μου ἔχων τι κατηγορεῖν not that I had any charge to bring against my (own) people Ac 28:19 (PCairZen 44, 23 [257 B.C.] οὐχ ὡς μενῶν=not as if it were my purpose to remain there). ὡς foll. by the gen. abs. ὡς τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν τῆς θείας δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ δεδωρημένης because his divine power has granted us everything 2 Pt 1:3. Cp. Dg. 5:16.—Only in isolated instances does ὡς show causal force when used w. a finite verb for, seeing that (PLeid 16, 1, 20; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 17, 2, end, Vit. Auct. 25; Aesop, Fab. 109 P.=148 H.; 111 H-H.: ὡς εὐθέως ἐξελεύσομαι=because; Tetrast. Iamb. 1, 6, 3; Nicetas Eugen. 6, 131 H. Cp. Herodas 10, 3: ὡς=because [with the copula ‘is’ to be supplied]) Mt 6:12 (ὡς καί as Mk 7:37 v.l.; TestDan 3:1 v.l.; the parallel Lk 11:4 has γάρ). AcPlCor 1:6 ὡς οὖν ὁ κύριος ἠλέησεν ἡμᾶς inasmuch as the Lord has shown us mercy (by permitting us). So, more oft., καθώς (q.v. 3).
    γ. ὡς before the predicate acc. or nom. w. certain verbs functions pleonastically and further contributes to the aspect of perspective ὡς προφήτην ἔχουσιν τὸν Ἰωάννην Mt 21:26. Cp. Lk 16:1. λογίζεσθαί τινα ὡς foll. by acc. look upon someone as 1 Cor 4:1; 2 Cor 10:2 (for this pass. s. also c below). Cp. 2 Th 3:15ab; Phil 2:7; Js 2:9.
    ⓑ w. focus on a conclusion existing only in someone’s imagination or based solely on someone’s assertion (PsSol 8:30; Jos., Bell. 3, 346; Just., A I, 27, 5; Mel., P. 58, 422) προσηνέγκατέ μοι τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦτον ὡς ἀποστρέφοντα τὸν λαόν, καὶ ἰδοὺ … you have brought this fellow before me as one who (as you claim) is misleading the people, and now … Lk 23:14. τί καυχᾶσαι ὡς μὴ λαβών; why do you boast, as though you (as you think) had not received? 1 Cor 4:7. Cp. Ac 3:12; 23:15, 20; 27:30. ὡς μὴ ἐρχομένου μου as though I were not coming (acc. to their mistaken idea) 1 Cor 4:18. ὡς μελλούσης τῆς πόλεως αἴρεσθαι assuming that the city was being destroyed AcPl Ha 5, 16.
    ⓒ w. focus on what is objectively false or erroneous ἐπιστολὴ ὡς διʼ ἡμῶν a letter (falsely) alleged to be from us 2 Th 2:2a (Diod S 33, 5, 5 ἔπεμψαν ὡς παρὰ τῶν πρεσβευτῶν ἐπιστολήν they sent a letter which purported to come from the emissaries; Diog. L. 10:3 falsified ἐπιστολαὶ ὡς Ἐπικούρου; Just., A, II, 5, 5 ὡς ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ σπορᾷ γενομένους υἱούς). τοὺς λογιζομένους ἡμᾶς ὡς κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦντας 2 Cor 10:2 (s. also aγ above). Cp. 11:17; 13:7. Israel wishes to become righteous οὐκ ἐκ πίστεως ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐξ ἔργων not through faith but through deeds (the latter way being objectively wrong) Ro 9:32 (Rdm.2 26f). ὡς ἐκ παραδόσεως ἀγράφου εἰς αὐτὸν ἥκοντα (other matters he recounts) as having reached him through unwritten tradition (Eus. about Papias) Papias (2:11).
    ④ conj., marker of result in connection with indication of purpose=ὥστε so that (Trag., Hdt.+, though nearly always w. the inf.; so also POxy 1040, 11; PFlor 370, 10; Wsd 5:12; TestJob 39:7; ApcMos 38; Jos., Ant. 12, 229; Just., A I, 56, 2; Tat. 12, 2. W. the indic. X., Cyr. 5, 4, 11 οὕτω μοι ἐβοήθησας ὡς σέσῳσμαι; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 8, 7 p. 324, 25f; Jos., Bell. 3, 343; Ath. 15, 3; 22, 2) Hb 3:11; 4:3 (both Ps 94:11). ὡς αὐτὸν καθόλου τὸ φῶς μὴ βλέπειν Papias (3:2) (s. φῶς 1a). ὡς πάντας ἄχθεσθαι (s. ἄχθομαι) AcPl Ha 4, 14. ὡς πάντας … ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι 6, 31 al.
    ⑤ marker of discourse content, that, the fact that after verbs of knowing, saying (even introducing direct discourse: Maximus Tyr. 5:4f), hearing, etc.=ὅτι that (X., An. 1, 3, 5; Menand., Sam. 590 S. [245 Kö.]; Aeneas Tact. 402; 1342; PTebt 10, 6 [119 B.C.]; 1 Km 13:11; EpArist; Philo, Op. M. 9; Jos., Ant. 7, 39; 9, 162; 15, 249 al.; Just., A I, 60, 2; Tat. 39, 2; 41, 1; Ath. 30, 4.—ORiemann, RevPhilol n.s. 6, 1882, 73–75; HKallenberg, RhM n.s. 68, 1913, 465–76; B-D-F §396) ἀναγινώσκειν Mk 12:26 v.l. (for πῶς); Lk 6:4 (w. πῶς as v.l.). μνησθῆναι Lk 24:6 (D ὅσα); cp. 22:61 (=Lat. quomodo, as in ms. c of the Old Itala; cp. Plautus, Poen. 3, 1, 54–56). ἐπίστασθαι (Jos., Ant. 7, 372) Ac 10:28; 20:18b v.l. (for πῶς). εἰδέναι (MAI 37, 1912, 183 [= Kl. T. 110, 81, 10] ἴστε ὡς [131/132 A.D.]) 1 Th 2:11a. μάρτυς ὡς Ro 1:9; Phil 1:8; 1 Th 2:10.—ὡς ὅτι s. ὅτι 5b.
    ⑥ w. numerals, a degree that approximates a point on a scale of extent, about, approximately, nearly (Hdt., Thu. et al.; PAmh 72, 12; PTebt 381, 4 [VSchuman, ClW 28, ’34/35, 95f: pap]; Jos., Ant. 6, 95; Ruth 1:4; 1 Km 14:2; TestJob 31:2; JosAs 1:6) ὡς δισχίλιοι Mk 5:13. Cp. 8:9; Lk 1:56; 8:42; J 1:39; 4:6; 6:10, 19; 19:14, 39; 21:8; Ac 4:4; 5:7, 36; 13:18, 20; 27:37 v.l. (Hemer, Acts 149 n. 140); Rv 8:1.
    ⑦ a relatively high point on a scale involving exclamation, how! (X., Cyr. 1, 3, 2 ὦ μῆτερ, ὡς καλός μοι ὁ πάππος! Himerius, Or. 54 [=Or. 15], 1 ὡς ἡδύ μοι τὸ θέατρον=how pleasant … ! Ps 8:2; 72:1; TestJob 7:12) ὡς ὡραῖοι οἱ πόδες τῶν εὐαγγελιζομένων ἀγαθά Ro 10:15 (cp. Is 52:7). Cp. 11:33. ὡς μεγάλη μοι ἡ σήμερον ἡμέρα GJs 19:2.
    ⑧ temporal conjunction (B-D-F §455, 2; 3; Harnack, SBBerlAk 1908, 392).
    ⓐ w. the aor. when, after (Hom., Hdt. et al.; Diod S 14, 80, 1; pap [POxy 1489, 4 al.]; LXX; TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 6 [Stone p. 62]; JosAs 3:2; ParJer 3:1; ApcMos 22; Jos., Bell. 1, 445b; Just., D. 2, 4; 3, 1) ὡς ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι Lk 1:23. ὡς ἐγεύσατο ὁ ἀρχιτρίκλινος J 2:9.—Lk 1:41, 44; 2:15, 39; 4:25; 5:4; 7:12; 15:25; 19:5; 22:66; 23:26; J 4:1, 40; 6:12, 16; 7:10; 11:6, 20, 29, 32f; 18:6; 19:33; 21:9; Ac 5:24; 10:7, 25; 13:29; 14:5; 16:10, 15; 17:13; 18:5; 19:21; 21:1, 12; 22:25; 27:1, 27; 28:4. AcPl Ha 3, 20.
    ⓑ w. pres. or impf. while, when, as long as (Menand., Fgm. 538, 2 K. ὡς ὁδοιπορεῖς; Cyrill. Scyth. [VI A.D.] ed. ESchwartz ’39 p. 143, 1; 207, 22 ὡς ἔτι εἰμί=as long as I live) ὡς ὑπάγεις μετὰ τοῦ ἀντιδίκου σου while you are going with your opponent Lk 12:58. ὡς ἐλάλει ἡμῖν, ὡς διήνοιγεν ἡμῖν τὰς γραφάς while he was talking, while he was opening the scriptures to us 24:32.—J 2:23; 8:7; 12:35f ( as long as; cp. ἕως 2a); Ac 1:10; 7:23; 9:23; 10:17; 13:25; 19:9; 21:27; 25:14; Gal 6:10 ( as long as); 2 Cl 8:1; 9:7; IRo 2:2; ISm 9:1 (all four as long as).—ὡς w. impf., and in the next clause the aor. ind. w. the same subject (Diod S 15, 45, 4 ὡς ἐθεώρουν …, συνεστήσαντο ‘when [or ‘as soon as’] they noticed …, they put together [a fleet]’; SIG 1169, 58 ὡς ἐνεκάθευδε, εἶδε ‘while he was sleeping [or ‘when he went to sleep’] [in the temple] he saw [a dream or vision]’) Mt 28:9 v.l.; J 20:11; Ac 8:36; 16:4; 22:11.— Since (Soph., Oed. R. 115; Thu. 4, 90, 3) ὡς τοῦτο γέγονεν Mk 9:21.
    ⓒ ὡς ἄν or ὡς ἐάν w. subjunctive of the time of an event in the future when, as soon as.
    α. ὡς ἄν (Hyperid. 2, 43, 4; Herodas 5, 50; Lucian, Cronosolon 11; PHib 59, 1 [c. 245 B.C.] ὡς ἂν λάβῃς; UPZ 71, 18 [152 B.C.]; PTebt 26, 2. Cp. Witkowski 87; Gen 12:12; Josh 2:14; Is 8:21; Da 3:15 Theod.; Ath. 31, 3 [ἐάν Schwartz]) Ro 15:24; 1 Cor 11:34; Phil 2:23.
    β. ὡς ἐάν (PFay 111, 16 [95/96 A.D.] ὡς ἐὰν βλέπῃς) 1 Cl 12:5f; Hv 3, 8, 9; 3, 13, 2.
    ⓓ w. the superlative ὡς τάχιστα (a bookish usage; s. B-D-F §244, 1; Rob. 669) as quickly as possible Ac 17:15 (s. ταχέως 1c).
    ⑨ a final particle, expressing intention/purpose, with a view to, in order to
    ⓐ w. subjunctive (Hom.+; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 33 [Stone p. 8]; SibOr 3, 130; Synes., Hymni 3, 44 [NTerzaghi ’39]) ὡς τελειώσω in order that I might finish Ac 20:24 v.l. (s. Mlt. 249).
    ⓑ w. inf. (X.; Arrian [very oft.: ABoehner, De Arriani dicendi genere, diss. Erlangen 1885 p. 56]; PGen 28, 12 [II A.D.]; ZPE 8, ’71, 177: letter of M. Ant. 57, cp. 44–46; 3 Macc 1:2; Joseph.; cp. the use of the opt. Just., D. 2, 3) Lk 9:52. ὡς τελειῶσαι Ac 20:24. ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν Hb 7:9 (s. ἔπος).
    ⓒ used w. prepositions to indicate the direction intended (Soph., Thu., X. [Kühner-G. I 472 note 1]; Polyb. 1, 29, 1; LRadermacher, Philol 60, 1901, 495f) πορεύεσθαι ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν Ac 17:14 v.l.—WStählin, Symbolon, ’58, 99–104. S. also ὡσάν, ὡσαύτως, ὡσεί 2, ὥσπερ b, ὡσπερεί, ὥστε 2b. DELG. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὡς

  • 6 πρότερος

    πρότερος and [full] πρῶτος, [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. formed from πρό, opp. ὕστερος, ὕστατος.
    A [comp] Comp. [full] πρότερος, α, ον,
    I of Place, before, in front, π. πόδες the fore-feet, Od.19.228; π. ἵπποι horses in front, B.5.43:— but mostly,
    II of Time, former, earlier,

    ἄνδρες Il.21.405

    ;

    ἄνθρωποι 5.637

    , 23.332; οἱ π. men of former times, 4.308 (rarely without Art., A.Ag. 1338 (anap.), etc.);

    οὗτος δὲ προτέρης γενεῆς π. τ' ἀνθρώπων Il.23.790

    : also, older, opp. ὁπλότερος, 2.707, etc.; γενεῇ π. 15.182; but παῖδες π. children by the first or a former marriage, Od.15.22;

    παῖδες ἐκ τῆς π. γυναικός Hdt.7.2

    ; τῇ προτέρῃ (sc. ἡμέρᾳ) on the day before, Od.16.50; ἠοῖ τῇ π. Il.13.794 (in Prose more freq. τῇ προτεραίᾳ, cf. προτεραῖος); τοῦ π. ἐνιαυτοῦ the year before, IG12.352.11; τοῖς π. Παναθηναίοις the preceding P., ib.57.8; τὰ π. what has preceded, Plot.3.2.8:—freq. used predicatively, sts. where we should expect the Adv. (which is never used by Hom.),

    ὅ με π. κάκ' ἔοργε Il.

     3.351, cf. 16.569, Hes.Op. 708, etc.;

    σπονδὰς οὐ λύσετε πρότεροι Th.1.123

    ; οἱ π. ἐπιόντες ibid.;

    τοῖς π. μετὰ Κύρου ἀναβᾶσι X.An.1.4.12

    , cf. IG22.1.7;

    εἰ μὴ π. ἑωράκη αὐτὸν ἢ ἐκεῖνος ἐμέ Pl.R. 336d

    , cf. 432c, etc.;

    ὅτι εἴη π. ὑπὸ ἐκείνων ἠδικημένος

     PCair.Zēn.

    288.9

     (iii B.C.).
    2 as regular [comp] Comp., c. gen.,

    ἐμέο πρότερος Il.10.124

    ;

    π. τούτων Hdt.1.168

    , cf. Pl.Phd. 86b, Hp.Ma. 282d;

    τὰς γυναῖκας μὴ ἀπιέναι προτέρας τῶν ἀνδρῶν IG12(5).593.19

     (Iulis, v B.C.); τῇ π. ἡμέρᾳ τῆς τροπῆς the day before.., Arist.Pol. 1316a16;

    προτέρᾳ εἰδυῶν Ὀκτωμβρίων IG7.2225.14

     (Thisbe, Senatus Consultum, ii B.C.); τῷ π. ἔτει Παναθηναίων τῶν μεγάλων ib.22.212.27;

    τῷ π. ἔτει τῆς ἥττης Plb.2.43.6

    : folld. by ἤ, τῷ προτέρῳ ἔτεϊ ἢ τὸν κρητῆρα [ἐληΐσαντο] Hdt.3.47.
    III of Rank, Worth, and generally of Precedence, superior, τῷ γένει, τῇ δυνάμει, Is.1.17, D.3.15; π. τινὸς πρός τι superior to him in.., Pl.La. 183b; π. τι ἄγειν, π. ποιήσασθαι τὰ σὰ πράγματα, Lib.Or.58.36,52.1.
    IV after Hom., neut. πρότερον freq. as Adv., before, earlier, Pi.O.13.31, Hdt.4.45, IG12.374.265, etc.; ὀλίγον π. Pl.Prt. 317e: c. gen.,

    π. φήμης A.Th. 866

     (anap.);

    ὀλίγῳ τι π. τούτων Hdt.8.95

    ; πολλοῖσι ἔτεσι π. τούτων ib.96;

    ἐνιαυτῷ π. τῆς ἁλώσεως D.9.60

    ; also πρὸ τῶν Περσικῶν δέκα ἔτεσι π. Pl.Lg. 642d, cf. Criti. 112a; τούτου π. Paus.1.1.2: most freq. folld. by

    ἤ, π. ἢ κατὰ τὴν προσδοκίαν Pl.Sph. 264b

    ; also

    μὴ π. ἀπαναστῆναι ἢ ἐξέλωσι Hdt.9.87

    , cf. 7.54, Antipho 2.1.2, Th.7.63, etc.: with inf.,

    π. ἢ βασιλεῦσαι Hdt.7.2

    , cf. Th.1.69, etc.: folld. by πρίν, Hdt.1.82; by πρὶν ἄν, ib. 140; by πρὶν ἤ with vb. in Indic., Id.6.45, 8.8, or Subj., 7.8.β (v.l. πρὶν ἂν ἢ), 9.93; also

    οὐ π. εἰ μὴ.. Plu.Lys.10

    , etc.; οὐ π. ἕως.. , or ἕως ἂν.., Lys.12.71, Ath.14.640c;

    μὴ π., ἀλλ' ὅταν.. Plb.9.13.3

    : also used with the Art., τὸ π. Pl.R. 522a, X.An.4.4.14, etc. ( τὸ π., also, for the first time, Ep. Gal.4.13): c. gen.,

    τὸ π. τῶν ἀνδρῶν τούτων Hdt.2.144

    : the Adv. is freq. put between Art. and Subst.,

    ὁ π. βασιλεύς Id.1.84

    ;

    τὰ π. ἀδικήματα Id.6.87

    ;

    αἱ π. ἁμαρτίαι Ar.Eq. 1355

    , etc.
    B [comp] Sup. [full] πρῶτος, η, ον, [dialect] Dor. [full] πρᾶτος (q.v.):
    I as Adj.,
    1 of Place, foremost,

    πρώτοισιν ἐνὶ προμάχοισι μιγέντα Od.18.379

    ; ἐν πρώτοις, μετὰ πρώτοισι alone, Il.19.424, 11.64; πρώτῃ ἐν ὑσμίνῃ, ἐνὶ πρώτῳ ὁμάδῳ, 15.340, 17.380; τῆς πρώτης τάττειν (sc. τάξεως) Isoc. 12.180, cf. Lys.16.15, etc.; ἐν π. ῥυμῷ at the front or end of the pole, Il.6.40, 16.371; πρώτῃσι θύρῃσιν at the outermost doors, 22.66; π. ξύλον the front bench, Ar.Ach.25, Poll.4.121, etc.; οἱ π. πόδες, like πρόσθιοι, Id.1.193.
    2 of Time, στάντα πρὸς π. ἕω looking towards first dawn, S.OC 477;

    περὶ π. νύκτα Poll.1.70

    .
    3 of Order, serving as ordinal to εἷς, ἄεθλα θῆκε.. τῷ πρώτῳ· ἀτὰρ αὖ τῷ δευτέρῳ.., αὐτὰρ τῷ τριτάτῳ.., κτλ., Il.23.265, cf. 6.179; opp. ὕστατος, 2.281, 5.703, etc.; opp. τελευταῖος, A.Ag. 314; opp. τανύστατος, Od. 9.449;

    πρῶτοι πάντων ἀνθρώπων Hdt.2.2

    ;

    τὰ π. τῶν ὀνομάτων Pl.Cra. 421d

    ;

    τῇ π. τῶν ἡμερέων Hdt.7.168

    , etc.;

    π. ἄξων IG12.115.10

    ; ἐπὶ τοῦ π. [ἱερείου] first-offered, X.An.4.3.9; ἐν τοῖς π. λόγοις in the earlier books, Arist.Ph. 263a11, al.; ἐν πρώτοις among the first, Is.7.40; hence, above all, especially, Hdt.8.69, Pl.R. 522c; in [dialect] Att., ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι (v. ὁ, ἡ

    , τό A.

     VIII. 6):—freq. used predicatively of being the first to do something,

    Νέστωρ πρῶτος κτύπον ἄϊε Il.10.532

    ;

    πρῶτος ἀνατέλλει Eratosth.Cal.42

    ;

    εἴθε π. σοι ἐνέτυχον Luc.Tyr.21

    .
    b Philos., first in order of existence, primary,

    αἱ π. οὐσίαι Arist.Cat. 2b26

    , cf. Metaph. 1032b2; π. ὕλη, π. φιλοσοφία, ib. 1015a7, 1061b19; primitive, simple, οἰκία π., ἡ π. πόλις, Id.Pol. 1252b10, 1291a17; ἡ π. κοινωνία ib. 1257a19; ἡ π. ὀλιγαρχία ib. 1293a14; ὁ π. συλλογισμός normal, typical, Id.Rh. 1357a17; τὰ π. σώματα, μόρια,= τὰ ὁμοιομερῆ, Gal.5.673,674; πρῶτα κατὰ φύσιν, e.g. health, perception, Stoic.3.34; τὰ π. πάθη ib.92; αἱ π. ἀρεταί ib.64.
    c Math., πρῶτοι ἀριθμοί prime numbers, Euc.7 Def.11,12; but also, first numbers (= 1 to 100,000,000) in the notation of Archim., Aren.3.2.
    d πρῶτος is sts. used where we should expect

    πρότερος, Αἰνείας δὲ πρῶτος ἀκόντισεν Il.13.502

    , cf. 18.92: in late Greek folld. by gen.,

    πρῶτός μου ἦν Ev.Jo.1.15

    ,30, cf. 15.18;

    οἱ πρῶτοί μου ταῦτα ἀνιχνεύσαντες Ael.NA 8.12

    ;

    πρώτη εὕρηται ἡ περὶ τοὺς πόδας κίνησις τῆς διὰ τῶν χειρῶν Ath. 14.630c

    ;

    γεννήτορα πρῶτον μητέρος εἰς ἀΐδην πέμψει Man.1.329

    , 4.404; ἀλόχου πρῶτος before his wife, IG12(5).590.5 (vi (?) A.D.).
    4 of Rank or Dignity, μετὰ πρώτοισιν among the first men of the state, Od.6.60, etc.;

    νομίσαντες πρῶτοι ἂν εἶναι Th.6.28

    ; διαβάλλειν τοὺς π. X.An.2.6.26, cf. Arist.Pol. 1266a18;

    αἱ π. πόλεις Th. 2.8

    ;

    ὁ π. ἄρχων IG12(3).481.10

     ([place name] Thera), CIG 2837 ([place name] Aphrodisias); ὁ π. τῆς πόλεως, as a title, IG12(5).292.2 ([place name] Paros);

    ὁ π. τῆς νήσου Act.Ap.28.7

    ; τῶν π. φίλων, title at the Ptolemaic court, PTeb.31.15 (ii B.C.), etc.; τῶν π., as military title, PHib.1.110.72 (iii B.C.), PPetr.3p.23 (iii B.C.), PTeb. 815 Fr.4.23,al.(iii B.C.): c. gen.,

    ἐν πρώτοισι Μυκηναίων Il.15.643

    ;

    οἱ π. στρατοῦ S.Ph. 1305

    , cf. E.Hec. 304, etc.: c. dat. modi, ἀρετῇ π., οἱ π. καὶ χρήμασι καὶ γένει, πλούτῳ π. τῶν Ἑλλήνων, etc., S.Ph. 1425, Th.3.65, Isoc.16.31, etc.;

    π. ἐν συμφοραῖς βίου S.OT33

    .
    5 of Degree, first, highest,

    μοῖρα Id.OC 145

     (anap.), etc.
    II as Subst. in neut. pl. πρῶτα, τά,
    1 (sc. ἆθλα), first prize,

    τὰ π. λαβών Il.23.275

    ;

    τὰ π. δόρει κρατύνων S.OC 1313

    ;

    ἔχειν πρῶτα κυναγεσίας AP6.118

     (Antip.);

    τὰ π. φέρεσθαι D.C.42.57

    , etc.
    2 first part, beginning, τῆς Ἰλιάδος τὰ π. Pl.R. 392e; ἐν τοῖς π. Id.Smp. 221d;

    τὸ π. τοῦ ᾄσματος Id.Prt. 343c

    .
    3 first, highest, in degree, τὰ π. τᾶς λιμῶ ([dialect] Dor. ) the extremities of famine, Ar.Ach. 743 (nisi leg. ἄπρατα)

    ; ἐχέτωσαν τὰ π. τῆς εὐδαιμονίας Luc.Cont.10

    ;

    ἐς τὰ π. τιμᾶσθαι Th.3.39

    , cf. 56; φρενῶν ἐς τὰ ἐμεωυτοῦ π. οὔκω ἀνήκω I have not yet come to the highest development of my judgment, Hdt.7.13, cf. D.C.38.22; of persons, ἐὼν τῶν Ἐρετριέων τὰ π. Hdt. 6.100; Λάμπων.. Αἰγινητέων < ἐὼν> τὰ π. Id.9.78, cf. E.Med. 917; ἐστὶν τὰ π. τῆς ἐκεῖ μοχθηρίας (of a person) Ar.Ra. 421.
    4 Philos., primary things, elements, Emp.38.1, Arist.GC 335a29;

    τὰ π. αἴτια Id.Mete. 338a20

    ; also

    τὸ π. ἐνυπάρχον ἑκάστῳ Id.Ph. 193a10

    .
    5 in Logic, the first undemonstrable propositions, on which all future conclusions rest, Id.Top. 100b18;

    τὰ π. ἀναπόδεικτα Id.APo. 71b26

    .
    III in Adverbial phrases,
    1 τὴν πρώτην (sc. ὥραν, ὁδόν) first, for the present, just now, Hdt.3.134, Ar. Th. 662, D.3.2, Arist.Metaph. 1038a35, etc.;

    τὴν πρώτην εἶναι Hdt.1.153

    .
    2 with Preps., ἀπὸ πρώτης (sc. ἀρχῆς) Antipho 5.56, Th.1.77;

    ἀπὸ τῆς π. εὐθύς Luc.Hist.Conscr.1

    ; ἐκ π. Babr.45.14;

    κατὰ πρώτας Pl.Plt. 292b

    , D.C.52.19;

    κατὰ τὴν π. εὐθύς Id.62.3

    ; παρὰ τὴν π. the first time, opp. ἐπὶ τῆς δευτέρας, Philostr.VA 1.22.
    3 freq. as Adv. in neut. sg. and pl., πρῶτον, πρῶτα,
    a first, in the first place, πρῶτόν τε καὶ ὕστατον (vulg. ὕστερον) Hes.Th. 34;

    π. μὲν.., δεύτερον αὖ.., τὸ τρίτον αὖ.. Il.6.179

    ; τί π. τοι ἔπειτα, τί δ' ὑστάτιον καταλέξω; Od.9.14;

    Κύπριδα μὲν πρῶτα.., αὐτὰρ ἔπειτ'.. Il.5.458

    ;

    οὐρῆας μὲν π. ἐπῴχετο.., αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα.. 1.50

    ;

    π. μὲν.., ἔπειτα δὲ.. S.OC 632

    , X.Cyr.2.1.2,23, An.5.6.7-8, Hier.11.8, etc.;

    π. μὲν.., ἔπειτα.. Pl.Phd. 89a

    , etc.;

    π. μὲν.., ἔπειτα δεύτερον.., τρίτον δὲ.. Aeschin.1.7

    ;

    π. μὲν.., εἶτα.. Pl.Phlb. 15b

    ;

    π. μὲν.., εἶτα δὲ.. X. An.1.2.16

    ;

    π. μὲν.., εἶτα.., ἔτι δὲ.. Id.Mem.1.2.1

    ;

    π. μὲν..,.. δὲ αὖ.. Pl.Lg. 935a

    ;

    π. μὲν.., ἔτι δὲ.. Lys.4.10

    , etc.;

    π. μὲν.., ἔτι τοίνυν.. D.44.57

    ; freq. answered only by δέ, Id.9.48, etc.; sts. the answering clause must be supplied, A.Ag. 810, D.7.7, etc.: also

    πρῶτον μὲν.. δεύτερον μήν.. Pl.Phlb. 66a

    : also

    πρῶτα μὲν.., ἔπειτα.. S.Tr. 616

    , Ar.Pl. 728;

    πρῶτα μὲν.., ἔπειτα.., εἶτα.. E.Med. 548

    ;

    πρῶτα μὲν..,.. δὲ.. A.Pr. 447

    ; πρῶτα μὲν.., ἔπειτα δὲ.. X HG7.1.7, cf. S. Ph. 919; ἐπεί σε πρῶτα κιχάνω since my first meeting is with you, Od. 13.228, cf. 7.53, Il.8.274: also τὸ πρῶτον, first, in the first place, at the beginning,

    ὡς τὸ π. ὑπέστην καὶ κατένευσα 4.267

    ;

    οὕνεκά σ' οὐ τὸ π., ἐπεὶ ἴδον, ὧδ' ἀγάπησα Od.23.214

    . cf. Il.3.443, 6.345, Pi.P.9.41, N.3.49; τὸ μὲν οὖν π. Pl.Prt. 333d, etc.; τὸ π..., μετὰ ταῦτα..
    D 1.12: also τὰ π., Il.1.6, Od.1.257, etc.;

    πόντῳ μὲν τὰ π..., αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα.. Il.4.424

    ;

    τὰ π. μὲν.., ὡς δὲ.. A.Pers. 412

    ;

    τὰ π..., τέλος δὲ.. S.Fr.149.5

    , cf. 966.
    c = πρότερον, before,

    ἢν.. πρῶτον ἀπόλωμαι κακῶς Ar.Ec. 1079

    ;

    π. οὐδ' ὑφ' ἑνὸς.. κρατηθέντες X.HG5.4.1

    ; θάλασσα π. ἦν ἢ γενέσθαι γῆν v.l. in Heraclit.31;

    λόγῳ π. ἢ τοῖς ἔργοις Arist.Rh.Al. 1420b28

    ;

    οὐ π. αὐτὴν ἀπέκτειναν πρὶν ἢ ἀπεκύησεν Ael.VH5.18

    ;

    π. συμμελετᾶν ἢ μελετᾶν μαθέτω AP12.206

     (Strat.).
    d first, for the first time,

    οὐ.. νῦν πρῶτα ποδώκεος ἄντ' Ἀχιλῆος στήσομαι Il.20.89

    ;

    οὐ νῦν πρῶτον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάλαι S.Ph. 966

    ;

    ἐνταῦθα πρῶτον ἔφαγον X.An.2.3.16

    .
    e πρῶτον, πρῶτα are used after the relat. Pron. and after relat.Advbs., like Engl. once (= at all),

    οὐδ' ἐνοσίχθων λήθετ' ἀπειλάων, τὰς.. Ὀδυσῆϊ π. ἐπηπείλησε Od.13.127

    , cf. 3.320, 10.328, 13.133, Il. 1.319, 19.136; μοῖραν δ' οὔ τινά φημι πεφυγμένον ἔμμεναι ἀνδρῶν.. ἐπὴν τὰ π. γένηται when once he is born, 6.489, cf. Od.3.183, 4.13, 414;

    οὔτε.. Λυκίους ἐδύναντο τείχεος ἂψ ὤσασθαι, ἐπεὶ τὰ π. πέλασθεν Il.12.420

    , cf. Od.11.106, 221; also ἐπεὶ τὸ (or τὰ) π. now that.., ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ οὖν τὸ π. ἀνέκραγον, οὐκ ἐπικεύσω now that I have spoken up, 14.467;

    τὸ μὲν οὔ ποτε φύλλα καὶ ὄζους φύσει, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα τομὴν ἐν ὄρεσσι λέλοιπε Il.1.235

    , cf. 276, 19.9: c. part., τῷ ῥ' Αἴας τὸ π. ἐφεζόμενος μέγ' ἀάσθη (the rock) on which once seated
    A blasphemed, Od.4.509: the sense as soon as is never necessary in Hom., but is possible in Od.4.414, 19.355; δινέμεν εὖτ' ἂν πρῶτα φανῇ σθένος Ὠαρίωνος when once (or perh., as soon as), Hes.Op. 598; ὅπως τις πρῶτα γένοιτο πάντας ἀποκρύπτεσκε as soon as each was born, Id.Th. 156; ὡς τὸ π. X.An.7.8.14;

    τότ' εὐθὺς.., ὅτε πρῶτον εἶδον D.18.141

    ; αὖθίς με ἀνερέσθαι ὅταν ἐντύχῃς πρῶτον the first time you meet me, Pl.Ly. 211b;

    ἐὰν μάθω γε πρῶτον.. τί λέγεις Id.R. 338c

    .
    IV Adv. πρώτως primarily, first in Arist.,

    π. καὶ κυρίως EN 1157a30

    ; opp. δευτέρως, ib. 1158b31; π. καθ' αὑτό, opp. κατὰ συμβεβηκός, Id.Ph. 192b22, cf. Gal.1.692, al., Jul.Or.5.168b.
    2 ὅτε π. ἐπεδήμησεν.. when he first visited.., BSA27.228 (Sparta, ii A.D.).—(From πρῶτος was formed a new [comp] Sup. πρώτιστος, q.v.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πρότερος

  • 7 τέλλω

    τέλλω, [tense] aor.
    A

    ἔτειλα Pi.O.2.70

    :—[voice] Pass. τέλλομαι:—poet. Verb, but used in Cretan Prose (v. infr.), accomplish,

    ἔτειλαν ὁδόν Pi.

     l.c.; perform duties, rites, etc., τέλλεμ (inf.)

    μὲν τὰ θῖνα καὶ τὰ ἀντρώπινα Leg.Gort.10.42

    :—[voice] Med., τελλόμεναι χορόν, apparently = στελλόμεναι, PSI10.1181.39:—[voice] Pass., come into being,

    γένος φυτευθὲν λοιπὸν αἰεὶ τέλλετο Pi.P.4.257

    ;

    ὕμνοι ὑστέρων ἀρχὰ λόγων τέλλεται καὶ ὅρκιον Id.O.11(10).6

    ; ἐς χάριν τέλλεται turns to good, ib.1.76; ἀπὸ θεσφάτων ἀγαθὰ φάτις.. τέλλεται cj. Emper. for στέλλεται, A.Ag. 1133 (lyr.); of the gadfly, οἷόν τε νέαις ἐπὶ φορβάσιν οἶστρος τέλλεται) = γίγνεται) A.R.3.277;

    ἠοῦς τελλομένης Id.1.1360

    ; πρόκα τελλομένου ἔτεος as soon as a year is complete, ib. 688.
    2 [voice] Pass., of stars, = ἀνατέλλω, rise, Arat.285, 320, 382.
    II intr. in [voice] Act., = ἀνατέλλω, ἡλίου τέλλοντος at sun rise, S.El. 699; ἶρις τέλλει grows up, Nic.Fr. 74.32. (Cf. πέλω ([etym.] πέλομαι) fin., with which τέλλομαι ([voice] Pass.) is cogn.; the [voice] Act. τέλλω (fr. which δικασπόλος, θυηπόλος, ὑμνοπόλος, etc. are derived) may be formed fr. the [voice] Pass., with causal meaning ('cause to come into existence or be done'), as πείθω fr. πείθομαι, πεύθω fr. πεύθομαι; the sense rise is perh. derived from that of revolve as used of stars; ἐντέλλω, ἐπιτέλλω (A) may orig. have meant 'cause to be done (by another)'.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τέλλω

  • 8 εἰς

    εἰς prep. w. acc. (Hom.+; s. the lit. under ἀνά, beg., also ATheimer, Die Präp. εἰς, ἐν, ἐκ im NT: Progr. z. 24. u. 29. Jahresbericht des niederösterr. Landes-Real-u. Obergymnasiums Horn 1896; 1901; AOepke, TW II 418–32), indicating motion into a thing or into its immediate vicinity or relation to something.
    ① extension involving a goal or place, into, in, toward, to
    ⓐ into, toward, to after verbs of going, or those that include motion toward a place (also after subst. as ἄφιξις Tat. 37, 1 or πορεία 38, 1); so after ἄγω, ἀκολουθέω, ἀναβαίνω, ἀνάγω, ἀναχωρέω, ἀνέρχομαι, ἄπειμι, ἀπέρχομαι, ἀποδημέω, ἀποπλέω, γίνομαι δεῦρο, διαβαίνω, διαπεράω, διασῴζω, διέρχομαι, διώκω, εἰσάγω, εἴσειμι, εἰσέρχομαι, εἰσπορεύομαι, ἐκπηδάω, ἐκπλέω, ἐκπορεύομαι, ἐμβαίνω, ἐμβάλλω, ἐνδύνω, ἐξέρχομαι, ἐπανάγω, ἐπιβαίνω, ἐπιστρέφω, ἔρχομαι (s. Goodsp., Probs. 56f), εὐθυδρομέω, ἥκω, καθίζω, καταβαίνω (s. Goodsp., Probs. 52–54), κατάγομαι, καταντάω, καταπλέω, καταφεύγω, κατέρχομαι, μεταβαίνω, ὁρμάω, παραβάλλω, παραγίνομαι, πέτομαι, πλέω, πορείαν ποιοῦμαι, πορεύομαι, προάγω, συμβάλλω, συνάγομαι, συναναβαίνω, συνέρχομαι, ὑπάγω, ὑποστρέφω, ὑποχωρέω, φεύγω, χωρέω; s. these entries.
    α. extension toward, in the direction of, a specific place to be reached. Hence w. nouns that denote an accessible place εἰς τὸν οἶκον into the house Mt 9:7; synagogue Ac 17:10; heaven Lk 2:15; abyss 8:31. φεύγειν εἰς τὰ ὄρη Mk 13:14. W. names of places and countries to Spain Ro 15:24, 28. εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ vs. 25 al. Also on, in εἰς (τὰς) ὁδούς Lk 14:23; Mt 10:5, 10; εἰς ὁδόν Mk 6:8; 10:17. εἰς ἀγρόν 16:12. In another sense ἀναβαίνει εἰς τὸ ὄρος 3:13; Mt 15:29.—In the vicinity of, near, to (Jos., Vi. 115 εἰς τ. κώμην) εἰς (τὴν) θάλασσαν Mk 7:31; 3:7 v.l.; Mt 17:27. εἰς πόλιν (Hdt. 2, 169; 4, 200, 1; Diod S 15, 32, 2 παραγενόμενος εἰς πόλιν) J 4:5; cp. vs. 28. εἰς τό μνημεῖον 11:31, 38; 20:1, 3f (cp. vs. 6). ἐγγίζειν εἰς (Tob 11:1) Mt 21:1; Mk 11:1; Lk 18:35; 19:29. εἰς τοὺς φραγμούς to the hedges 14:23. κλίνειν τὸ πρόσωπον εἰς τ. γῆν toward the ground 24:5.
    β. with focus on the area within the point reached. After verbs of sending, moving, etc., which result in movement or include a movement of the body to, into, among εἰς τὴν πόλιν into the city Mt 26:18 al.; boat Mt 8:23; J 6:17; world J 1:9; εἰς τ. ναόν 2 Th 2:4; εἰς (τὸ) μέσον (Sir 27:12; cp. 48:17): ἔστη εἰς τὸ μέσον (X., Cyr. 4, 1, 1), he (came and) stood among them J 20:19, 26; cp. Mk 14:60; Lk 6:8, also ἔγειρε εἰς τὸ μ. get up and come here Mk 3:3.—δέχεσθαι εἰς τὰς ἀγκάλας take in (into) one’s arms Lk 2:28 (cp. Jos., Ant. 8, 28).
    γ. of movement directed at a surface of an area on, in: of striking (PRyl 145, 13f [38 A.D.] ἔδωκεν πληγὰς πλείους εἰς πᾶν μέρος τοῦ σώματος=gave many blows all over his body; cp. PTebt 39, 32) τύπτειν εἰς τ. κεφαλήν on the head Mt 27:30 (cp. Arrian, Anab. 2, 26, 4 ἐμβάλλειν εἰς τ. κεφαλήν). ῥαπίζειν εἰς τὴν σιαγόνα on the cheek 5:39.—εἰς τ. ὄμματα Mk 8:23; εἰς τ. ὁδόν 11:8; ἀναπίπτειν εἰς τ. ἔσχατον τόπον sit in the lowest place Lk 14:10; cp. vs. 8. εἰς τὴν χεῖρα, τοὺς πόδας on his hand, his feet Lk 15:22.
    δ. of a position within a certain area be at, be in, be on εἰς is freq. used where ἐν would be expected (s. 1bβ below; for Mark usage s. JO’Rourke, JBL 85, ’66, 349–51)—(Hdt. 7, 239, 1; Diod S 13, 101, 3; 20, 30, 2; Vett. Val. index III p. 394b; PTebt 38, 14 [113 B.C.] εἰς ὸ̔ν ἐνοικεῖ … οἶκον; POxy 294, 6 [22 A.D.]; 929, 12; BGU 385, 5; 423, 7; Kaibel 134; LXX. Cp. GHatzidakis, Einl. in die neugr. Gramm. 1892, 210f; Mlt. 62f, 234f; Rob. 592f; Rdm.2 14; 140; B-D-F §205; EOldenburger, De Or. Sib. Elocutione, diss. Rostock 1903, 26ff) εἰς τ. κοίτην εἶναι Lk 11:7. εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν Mk 10:10. οἱ εἰς τ. οἶκόν μου (ὄντες) Lk 9:61. οἱ εἰς μακρὰν (ὄντες) Ac 2:39. καθημένου εἰς τὸ ὄρος Mk 13:3 (cp. Musonius 43, 18 H. καθῆσθαι εἰς Σινώπην). ὁ εἰς τὸν ἀγρὸν (ὤν) he who is in the field 13:16. γίνεσθαι εἰς τὴν Καφαρναούμ happen in Capernaum Lk 4:23. εἰς συναγωγὰς δαρήσεσθε you will be beaten in the synagogues Mk 13:9. εὑρέθη εἰς Ἄζωτον he found himself in A. Ac 8:40 (cp. Esth 1:5 τοῖς ἔθνεσιν τοῖς εὑρεθεῖσιν εἰς τ. πόλιν; Gen 37:17). ἀποθανεῖν εἰς Ἰερ. Ac 21:13 (cp. Aelian, VH 7, 8 Ἡφαιστίων εἰς Ἐκβάτανα ἀπέθανε). κατοικεῖν εἰς Ἰερ. Ac 2:5; cp. Mt 2:23; 4:13; Ac 7:4; Hb 11:9 (cp. Thu. 2, 102, 6; X., An. 1, 2, 24; Num 35:33; 2 Ch 19:4). χάριν, εἰς ἣν στῆτε the favor in which you stand 1 Pt 5:12. ἔχειν βιβλίον εἰς τὰς χεῖρας have a book in one’s hands Hv 1, 2, 2. πηλὸς γάρ ἐσμεν εἰς την χεῖρα τοῦ τεχνίτου for we are clay in the hand of the artisan. εἰς ταύτην τὴν πόλιν in this city 2, 4, 3 al.—εἰς=at or on (BGU 845, 20f; τραπέζας … εἰς ἃς ἤσθιον οἱ πτωχοί TestJob 25:5) ὁ ὢν εἰς τ. κόλπον τ. πατρός who leans on the breast (or reclines in the lap) of the Father (=who is on intimate terms w. the Father, s. κόλπος) J 1:18. In AcPlCor 2:35 the prepositions εἰς and ἐν appear to be carefully distinguished: τὰ δεσμὰ εἰς τὰς χείρας ἔχω … καὶ τὰ στίγματα ἐν τῷ σώματί μου.
    ε. of presence in an area determined by other objects, esp. after verbs of sending, moving, etc. including ἀπολύω, ἀποστέλλω, βάλλω, βαπτίζω, δέχομαι, δίδωμι, ἐγκεντρίζω, ἐκβάλλω, ἐκπέμπω, ἐκχέω, ἐμβάπτω, ἐξαποστέλλω, καθίημι, μεταπέμπομαι, παρακύπτω, πέμπω, χαλάω; s. these entries. ἐμπίπτειν εἰς τοὺς λῃστάς fall among robbers Lk 10:36. εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας among the thorns Mk 4:7; εἰς τ. λαόν Ac 4:17 et al., where the transl. depends on the verb in question. πνεύματος ἁγίου … ἀποσταλέντος εἰς αὐτήν (Μαρίαν) sent into her AcPlCor 2:5; cp. 2:10 ἔπεμψεν εἰς τοὺς προφήτας into the prophets; 2:14 κατέπεμψε … εἰς Μαρίαν.—ἔστη εἰς τὸ κριτήριον she stood before the tribunal GJs 15:2 (difft. J 20:19, 26, s. 1aβ).
    ⓑ of direction toward something without ref. to bodily motion.
    α. w. verbs of looking (fr. Od. 10, 37; Il. 3, 364; LXX) ἀναβλέπειν εἴς τι look up toward someth. (2 Macc 7:28; Sus 35 Theod.) Mk 6:41; Lk 9:16; Ac 22:13; cp. ἀτενίζω, βλέπω, ἐμβλέπω, ὁράω (Just., D. 112, 1).—ἐπαίρειν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς εἴς τινα raise one’s eyes toward someone Lk 6:20.
    β. after verbs of saying, teaching, proclaiming, preaching, etc. (Trag.; Hdt. 8:26, 3; Thu. 1, 72, 2; 5, 45, 1 and many later wr., incl. LXX) λαλεῖν εἰς τ. κόσμον say to the world J 8:26. τὸ εὐαγγέλιον εἰς ὅλον τ. κόσμον the gospel in the whole world Mk 14:9. εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη 13:10; Lk 24:47. εἰς ὑμᾶς 1 Th 2:9. εὐαγγελίζεσθαι εἴς τινα 2 Cor 10:16; 1 Pt 1:25; γνωρίζειν Ro 16:26. ἀπαγγέλλειν τι εἴς τινα Mk 5:14; Lk 8:34. διαμαρτύρεσθαι εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ, μαρτυρεῖν εἰς Ῥώμην bear witness in Jerusalem, Rome Ac 23:11. ἵνα εἰς Νινευὴ μὴ κηρύξῃ AcPlCor 2:29. In these and similar cases εἰς approaches ἐν in mng.; s. 1aδ.
    γ. The same is true of βαπτίζεσθαι εἰς τὸν Ἰορδάνην Mk 1:9 and νίπτεσθαι εἰς τὴν κολυμβήθραν J 9:7; these expr. look like exx. of the interchange of εἰς and ἐν, but were orig. formed on the analogy of X., Cyr. 1, 3, 5 ἀποκαθαίρει τὴν χεῖρα εἰς τὰ χειρόμακτρα= lit. ‘into the towels’; cp. Epict. 3, 22, 71 ἵνʼ αὐτὸ (sc. τὸ παιδίον) λούσῃ εἰς σκάφην; Alciphron, Ep. 3, 7, 1; Athen. 10, 438e.
    ② extension in time, to, until, on
    ⓐ w. indication of specific time
    α. up to which someth. continues εἰς τέλος to the end (Epict. 1, 7, 17) Mt 10:22; 24:13; Mk 13:13. εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν until that day 2 Ti 1:12 (Ath. 2, 1 εἰς … τὴν σήμερον ἡμέραν). εἰς ἡμέραν Χριστοῦ Phil 1:10. εἰς Χριστόν until the coming of the Messiah Gal 3:24.
    β. for or on which someth. happens μεριμνᾶν εἰς τὴν αὔριον be anxious for tomorrow Mt 6:34; cp. Hs 6, 5, 3; εἰς τὸ μέλλον for the future 1 Ti 6:19. εἰς τὸ μεταξὺ σάββατον on the next Sabbath Ac 13:42. εἰς ἡμέραν (UPZ 66, 5 [153 B.C.]) for the day Phil 2:16; cp. Eph 4:30; Rv 9:15.
    γ. at which someth. takes place (Appian, Mithrid. 74 §321 ἐς ἑσπέραν=in the evening; Epict. 4, 10, 31 αὔριον ἢ εἰς τὴν τρίτην; En 1:1 οἵτινες ἔσονται εἰς ἡμέραν ἀνάγκης) εἰς τὸν καιρὸν αὐτῶν in their time Lk 1:20; εἰς τὸ μέλλον in the future 13:9. εἰς τέλος in the end, finally (Hdt. 3, 403; Gen 46:4; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 18, 2) 18:5 (B-D-F §207, 3 prefers mng. 3 below and ὑπωπιάζω 3; s. also Mlt-Turner 266). εἰς τὸ πάλιν=πάλιν 2 Cor 13:2; s. Schmid I 167; II 129; III 282; IV 455; 625. εἰς ταχεῖαν soon AcPlCor 2:3.
    ⓑ to indicate duration of time for, throughout (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 4 p. 332, 16 Jac. εἰς νύκτα; Arrian, Anab. 4, 30, 1 ἐς τρεῖς ἡμέρας; Just., D. 2, 5 εἰς μακρὰν for a long time) εἰς ἔτη πολλά for many years Lk 12:19. εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας (αἰών 1b) forever Mt 21:19; Mk 3:29; 11:14; Lk 1:33; J 8:35 and oft. εἰς ἡμέραν αἰῶνος to the day of eternity 2 Pt 3:18. εἰς γενεὰς καὶ γενεάς for generation after generation Lk 1:50. εἰς τὸ διηνεκές forever Hb 7:3; 10:1, 12, 14 (cp. Thu. 2, 64, 3 ἐς ἀί̈διον).
    ③ marker of degree, up to: εἰς τέλος completely, fully, absolutely (s. Just, A I, 44, 12 and on τέλος 2bγ) 1 Th 2:16; B 4:7; 19:11; Hv 3, 7, 2; m 12, 2, 3; Hs 8, 6, 4; 8, 8, 5; 8, 9, 3.—J 13:1 combines in εἰς τέλος the mngs. to the end (s. 2aα above) and to the uttermost (cp. Appian, Mithrid. 58 §239 ἡμῶν ἀμυναμένων ἤδη καὶ ἀμυνουμένων ἐς τέλος=we have defended ourselves up to now and will defend ourselves ἐς τέλος). εἰς τὰ ἄμετρα 2 Cor 10:13, 15 (cp. PVat A 12=Witkowski 36, 12 [168 B.C.] εἰς τὰ ἔσχατα). εἰς περισσείαν 10:15. εἰς ὑπερβολήν (Eur., Hipp. 939; Aeschin., F. Leg. 4) 4:17. εἰς τὸ παντελές (q.v. 2) Lk 13:11; Hb 7:25 (Tat. 6, 1).
    ④ marker of goals involving affective/abstract/suitability aspects, into, to
    ⓐ of entry into a state of being w. verbs of going, coming, leading, etc., used in a fig. sense: ἀπέρχεσθαι εἰς κόλασιν αἰώνιον Mt 25:46 (cp. Sir 41:10). εἰσφέρειν εἰς πειρασμόν 6:13. πορεύεσθαι εἰς θάνατον Lk 22:33. ὑπάγειν εἰς ἀπώλειαν Rv 17:8, 11. βάλλειν εἰς θλῖψιν 2:22. παραδιδόναι εἰς θλῖψιν Mt 24:9; cp. 2 Cor 4:11; Lk 24:20. συγκλείειν εἰς ἀπείθειαν Ro 11:32. ἐμπίπτειν εἰς κρίμα 1 Ti 3:6f; cp. 6:9 (and Ath. 24, 5 εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν πεσόντες παρθένων). ἄγειν εἰς μετάνοιαν Ro 2:4; cp. Hb 2:10 εἰς δόξαν. (Just., A I, 10, 4 εἰς πίστιν; 42, 11 εἰς ἐπίστασιν καὶ ἀνάμνησιν.) αἰχμαλωτίζειν εἰς ὑπακοήν 2 Cor 10:5. ἀνακαινίζειν εἰς μετάνοιαν Hb 6:6; cp. 2:10. Sim. ἀπάγω, ἀποβαίνω, εἰσέρχομαι, εἰσφέρω, ἐκβάλλω, ἐλευθερόω, ἐπιστρέφω, κατευθύνω, μεταβαίνω, ὁδηγέω et al.; s. these entries.
    ⓑ of change from one state to another w. verbs of changing: στρέφειν (Esth 4:17h; 1 Macc 1:39), μεταστρέφειν (Sir 11:31; 1 Macc 9:41; 3 Macc 6:22) τι εἴς τι Rv 11:6; Ac 2:20 (Jo 3:4); Js 4:9. μεταλλάσσειν Ro 1:26. μετασχηματίζεσθαι (q.v. 2) 2 Cor 11:13f; μετατίθεσθαι εἰς turn away to Gal 1:6.
    ⓒ of actions or feelings directed in someone’s direction in hostile or friendly sense (Thu. 1, 38; 66; 130; X., Cyr. 1, 3, 5; Paus. 7, 9, 3; 7, 10, 2; Aelian, VH 11, 10).
    α. in a hostile sense (Arrian, Anab. 1, 1, 4; PEleph 1, 9 [311/310 B.C.] κακοτεχνεῖν εἰς Δημητρίαν; UPZ 170b, 47 [127 B.C.]): ἁμαρτάνειν εἴς τινα (Herodian 7, 9, 11; EpJer 12; Jdth 5:20; 11:10) sin against someone Lk 15:18, 21. βλασφημεῖν εἴς τινα (Bel 8 Theod.; Just., D. 122, 2) defame someone Mk 3:29; Lk 12:10; 22:65; θαρρεῖν εἴς τινα 2 Cor 10:1. ψεύδεσθαι εἴς τινα (Sus 55; 59 Theod.) Col 3:9. Also w. nouns and adj. (Paus. 7, 8, 4; PFay 12, 7 [c. 103 B.C.] ἀδικήματα εἴς με; En 97:7 μνημόσυνον εἰς ὑμᾶς κακόν) Ac 6:11; 23:30; Ro 8:7.
    β. in a friendly sense: μακροθυμεῖν 2 Pt 3:9. τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν Ro 12:16. So also πιστεύειν εἴς τινα trust or believe in someone Mt 18:6; Mk 9:42 and oft. (s. πιστεύω 1aε). Also w. nouns (OGI 49, 10 [III B.C.] φιλοτιμία εἰς; 51, 4; UPZ 22, 18 [162 B.C.]; 39, 5 εἰς τὸ θεῖον εὐσέβεια; 2 Macc 9:26 εὔνοια; Tat. 16:2 τῆς εἰς αὐτοὺς [δαίμονας] θρησκείας) ἀγάπη Ro 5:8; 2 Cor 2:4, 8; Col 1:4; 1 Th 3:12. ἐλπίς (2 Macc 9:20; Synes., Ep. 104 p. 264a εἰς τὸν κομήτην ἐ.) Ac 24:15. κοινωνία Phil 1:5 (Tat. 18, 2); πεποίθησις 2 Cor 8:22. δύναμις Eph 1:19. πίστις (Jos., Ant. 16, 48; 18, 334) Ac 20:21; 24:24; 26:18; Col 2:5; and adj. φιλόξενος 1 Pt 4:9; χρηστός Eph 4:32. διακονία Ro 15:31 (cp. the v.l. Ac 12:25 and s. JDupont, NovT 1, ’56, 275–303); 2 Cor 8:4. The context of 1 Pt 1:11 suggests consolation of Christians for the sufferings they endure in a hostile environment, hence REB: sufferings in Christ’s cause; for εἰς Χρ. construed genitivally (UPZ 180a II, 2 [113 B.C.] χωρὶς τοῦ εἰς αὐτὴν οἴκου; PTebt 16:9f contains a restoration of εἰς) s. NRSV ‘sufferings destined for Christ’ (for a parallel expr. in a hostile sense cp. Polyb. 1, 7, 12 τῆς εἰς ἐκείνους τιμωρίας; 1, 69, 7; 38, 1 [4], 13; s. [s.v. ἀνά beg.] Kuhring 13; Rudberg 201).
    ⓓ w. the vocation, use, or end indicated for, as: αἱρέομαι εἴς τι 2 Th 2:13. ἀφορίζω Ro 1:1; Ac 13:2. προγράφω Ro 15:4; Jd 4. ἀποστέλλω Hb 1:14. πέμπω Phil 4:16; 1 Th 3:2, 5. ποιῶ τι εἰς 1 Cor 10:31; 11:24. S. also under κεῖμαι, προορίζω, τάσσω, τίθημι.—εἰμὶ εἴς τι serve as someth. (s. εἰμί 6; also ins 134, 33ff fr. the Delphinion at Miletus [I A.D.] 1914; s. Dssm., LO 97, 1 [LAE 123]; Ar. 5, 1 ὕδωρ … εἰς χρῆσιν τῶν ἀνθρώπων γέγονε) 1 Cor 14:22; for destruction Col 2:22; as a testimony Js 5:3. Used w. a noun σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν, ἀτιμίαν a vessel meant for honorable, dishonorable use Ro 9:21; cp. vs. 22f; 2 Ti 2:20f; φύλλα τοῦ ξύλου εἰς θεραπείαν Rv 22:2. φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν a light serving as a revelation Lk 2:32. θεράπων εἰς μαρτύριον τῶν λαληθησομένων a servant to bear witness to what would be said Hb 3:5. (Cp. Just., A I, 66, 1 τὸ … εἰς ἀναγέννησιν λουτρόν). W. acc. of pers. (Just., A II, 12, 4 συκοφαντίᾳ τῇ εἰς ἡμᾶς; Tat. 17, 3 τὴν εἰς τοὺς μεμηνότας βοήθειαν) ἡ εἰς ὑμᾶς χάρις the grace meant for you 1 Pt 1:10. διδόναι εἴς τι pay out for someth., money for a field Mt 27:10.
    ⓔ w. the result of an action or condition indicated into, to, so that: αὐξάνειν εἰς ναόν grow into a temple Eph 2:21. πληροῦσθαι εἴς τι 3:19. λυπηθῆναι εἰς μετάνοιαν be grieved so that repentance takes place 2 Cor 7:9. Of prayer ἀναβαίνειν εἰς μνημόσυνον Ac 10:4. ὁμολογεῖν εἰς σωτηρίαν confess to salvation = so as to receive salvation Ro 10:10; cp. 1:16; 1 Pt 2:2; εἰς ἔπαινον κτλ. to praise etc. 1 Pt 1:7; εἰς βοήθειαν (1 Ch 12:17; Jdth 6:21; JosAs 23:4) Hb 4:16; cp. 10:39; Rv 13:3; Ro 6:16; 8:15; 13:4, 14; 1 Cor 11:34; 2 Cor 2:16 al.; εἰς κενόν (s. κενός 3) 2 Cor 6:1; Gal 2:2; Phil 2:16; 1 Th 3:5. σχίζειν εἰς δύο tear in two Mt 27:51; Mk 15:38. Cp. GPt 5:20 (cp. Polyb. 2, 16, 11; Lucian, Symp. 44, Tox. 54; 1 Km 15:29; Tob 5:3 S; 1 Macc 9:11; Ath. 18, 3 ᾠὸν … εἰς δύο ἐρράγη). W. subst. inf. foll. so that Ro 1:20; 3:26; 4:18; 6:12; 7:4; 1 Th 3:13; 2 Th 2:10f; Hb 11:3 al.
    ⓕ to denote purpose in order to, to (Appian, Liby. 101 §476 ἐς ἔκπληξιν=in order to frighten; Just., A I, 21, 4 εἰς προτροπήν ‘to spur on’) εἰς ἄγραν in order to catch someth. Lk 5:4. εἰς ἀπάντησιν, συνάντησιν, ὑπάντησίν τινι (s. these 3 entries) to meet someone, toward someone Mt 8:34; 25:1; J 12:13. εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς as a witness, i.e. proof, to them Mt 8:4; 10:18; 24:14 al. εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν for forgiveness of sins, so that sins might be forgiven Mt 26:28; cp. Mk 1:4; Lk 3:3; Ac 2:38. εἰς μνημόσυνόν τινος in memory of someone Mt 26:13; Mk 14:9; cp. Lk 22:19 al. (εἰς μνημόσυνον En 99:3). εἰς ὅ for which purpose (Hdt. 2, 103, 1) Col 1:29; otherw. 2 Th 1:11 with this in view; εἰς τί; why? (Wsd 4:17; Sir 39:16, 21) Mt 14:31; Mk 14:4; 15:34; Hm 2:5; D 1:5. εἰς τοῦτο for this reason or purpose Mk 1:38; Lk 4:43 v.l.; J 18:37; Ac 9:21; 26:16; Ro 9:17; 14:9; 2 Cor 2:9; 1J 3:8; Hs 1:9 (Just., A I, 13, 3). εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο for this very reason 2 Cor 5:5; Eph 6:22; Col 4:8. W. subst. inf. foll. (X., Ages. 9, 3, Mem. 3, 6, 2; Just., A I, 9, 5) in order to (oft. LXX; neg. μή in order not to; s. B-D-F §402, 2) Mt 20:19; 26:2; 27:31; Mk 14:55 and oft.—εἰς ὁδόν for the journey 6:8.
    ⓖ As in Mod. Gk., it is used for the dat., esp. the dat. of advantage, but also= for in general (X., An. 3, 3, 19 τ. ἵππους εἰς ἱππέας κατασκευάσωμεν; Lycurg. 85 διεκαρτέρουν εἰς τ. πατρίδα; UPZ 180a I, 7 [113 B.C.] τὸν εἰς Τάγην οἶκον ᾠκοδομημένον; BGU 37, 4f [51 A.D.] ξύλα εἰς τοὺς ἐλαιῶνάς μου wood for my olive orchards; PLond I, 43, 9 p. 48 [II B.C.]; PTebt 5, 77; POxy 37 I, 9; EpJer 9; Sir 37:7, cp. vs. 8; Jdth 14:2; Bel 3 Theod., vs. 22 LXX) εἰς πάντα τ. λαόν Lk 9:13; cp. 3J 5. εἰς ἡμᾶς Eph 1:19; cp. Col 1:25; 1 Th 4:10; Ro 10:12. χρείαν ἔχειν εἰς τ. ἑορτήν J 13:29; cp. Mk 8:19f; Gal 2:8; 1 Th 2:9; 5:15 et al.—εἰς is commonly used in speaking of the person for whom a payment etc. is made (Dssm., B 113–15; NB 23 [BS 117f; 194f]) 1 Cor 16:1; 2 Cor 8:4; 9:1, 13; Ro 15:26; Ac 24:17. εἰς λόγον τινός in an account for someth. (POxy 275, 19; 21 [66 A.D.]; 496, 10; 530, 15) Phil 4:15; cp. vs. 17. εἰς Χριστόν Phlm 6 prob. in honor of Christ (Tetrast. Iamb. 1, 7, 4 p. 266 εἰς θεούς; Pla., Lysis 205d ᾂδεις εἰς σαυτὸν ἐγκώμιον; Ps.-Pla., Minos 319c; Athen. 15, 667c; Synes., Ep. 75 p. 222b).
    ⑤ marker of a specific point of reference, for, to, with respect to, with reference to (Arrian, Anab. 6, 26, 3 τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον εἰς καρτερίαν ἐπαινῶ Ἀλεξάνδρου=I praise this deed with regard to Alexander’s endurance; Ath. 31, 1 οὐδὲν χείρους εἰς ἀρετῆς λόγον ‘none the worse in respect to excellence’) εὔθετος εἴς τι fit, suitable for someth. Lk 14:35; also εὔχρηστος 2 Ti 4:11. ἡτοιμασμένος ready for 2:21. εὐκαιρέω εἴς τι Ac 17:21. ἱκανόω Col 1:12. ἰσχύω Mt 5:13. περισσεύω 2 Cor 9:8. συνεργέω Ro 8:28. τοῦτο οὐκ εἰς ταύτας τ. ἡμέρας λέγω I say this not with reference to these days Hs 9, 26, 6.—After the verbs ἀπορέομαι, διακρίνομαι, καυχάομαι, παρρησίαν ἔχω, s. these entries. After the adj. ἄκαρπος, ἀκέραιος, βραδύς, σοφός, συνεργός, ὑπήκοος, φρόνιμος, s. these entries. W. acc. of pers. ἀσθενεῖν εἴς τινα be weak toward someone 2 Cor 13:3. εὐδοκεῖν 2 Pt 1:17. λέγειν εἴς τινα say w. reference to someone (Diod S 11, 50, 4; Just., D. 77, 1 εἰς Χριστὸν … εἰρῆσθαι) Ac 2:25.—On Ro 6:17 s. παραδίδωμι 1b end. δέχομαί τινα εἰς ὄνομά τινος Mt 10:41f; s. ὄνομα 1dγא.
    ⑥ marker of a guarantee, by ὀμνύναι εἴς τι swear by someth. Mt 5:35 (cp. PGiss 66, 8f [early II A.D.] ἐρωτῶ εἰς τὴν τ. θεῶν εὐσέβειαν; but the sole use of εἰς in a series of datives w. ἐν may reflect bilingualism; for prob. Hb. perspective, s. M’Neile, comm. ad loc).
    ⑦ distributive marker: w. numbers εἰς is distributive ‘-fold’ (cp. ἐστρίς ‘until three times’ Pind., O. 2, 68; GDI IV p. 884, n62, 36 [IV B.C.]) Mk 4:8 v.l. (otherw. ἐς τετρακοσίους, ἐς ὀγδοήκοντα about 400, about 80: Arrian, Anab. 5, 15, 2; 6, 2, 4; 7, 20, 3).
    ⑧ The predicate nom. and the predicate acc. are somet. replaced by εἰς w. acc. under Semitic influence, which has strengthened Gk. tendencies in the same direction:
    ⓐ predicate nom.
    α. w. γίνεσθαι (PFay 119, 34 [100 A.D.] ἵνα μὴ εἰς ψωμίον γένηται; Wsd 14:11; 1 Macc 1:36; 10:70; Jdth 5:10, 18 al.) Mt 21:42 (Ps 117:22). ἐγένετο εἰς δένδρον Lk 13:19; cp. J 16:20; Ac 5:36; Rv 8:11; 16:19.
    β. w. εἶναι (Bar 2:23; Jdth 5:21, 24; Sir 31:10 et al.) Mt 19:5 (Gen 2:24); Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4); 2 Cor 6:18; Hb 1:5; 8:10 (in the last 3 pass. OT expressions are also reproduced). Not fr. the OT: 1J 5:8.
    γ. λογίζεσθαι εἰς (Wsd 2:16; 1 Macc 2:52) Ro 4:3 (Gen 15:6); cp. 2:26; 9:8. λ. εἰς οὐθέν (Is 40:17; Wsd 3:17; cp. 9:6) Ac 19:27.
    ⓑ predicate acc. (Heliod. 6, 14, 1 τ. πήραν εἰς καθέδραν ποιησαμένη=she used the knapsack as a seat; Vett. Val. 59, 7; 1 Macc 10:54; 11:62; Jdth 5:11 al.; JosAs 13:12 παράθου με αὐτῷ εἰς παιδίσκην) ἐγείρειν τινὰ εἰς βασιλέα Ac 13:22 (cp. 1 Km 13:14). ἀνατρέφεσθαί τινα εἰς υἱόν 7:21 (cp. Ex 2:10). τέθεικά σε εἰς φῶς ἐθνῶν 13:47 (cp. Is 49:6). Cp. Mt 21:46; 1 Cl 42:4.—B-D-F §145; 157, 5; Rdm.2 20f; Mlt. 71f; Mlt-H. 462. Johannessohn, Kasus 4f.
    ⑨ marker of instrumentality, by, with (Arrian, Anab. 5, 12, 3 ἐς ἀκρίβειαν=with care; Vi. Aesopi I G 7 P. νικᾶν εἰς εὐσέβειαν πάντα ψόγον=overcome all censure with piety) εἰς διαταγὰς ἀγγέλων Ac 7:53 (=ἐν διαταγαῖς, B-D-F §206, 1). Sim. ὕπαγε εἰς εἰρήνην (1 Km 1:17) Mk 5:34; Lk 7:50; 8:48 (=ἐν εἰρήνῃ). Mlt-Turner 254f.
    ⑩ Other uses of εἰς
    ⓐ at, in the face of μετανοεῖν εἰς τὸ κήρυγμα repent at the proclamation Mt 12:41; Lk 11:32; cp. Ro 4:20 and perh. Mt 3:11. JMantey, JBL 70, ’51, 45–48, 309–11 argues for a causal use here because of the proclam., with reff.; against him RMarcus, ibid. 129f; 71, ’52, 43f; JDavis, Restoration Qtrly 24, ’81, 80–88.
    ⓑ for βαπτίζω εἰς s. βαπτίζω 2c.
    ⓒ μένειν εἰς remain with (PFay 111, 12 [95/96 A.D.]) so perh. J 6:27.
    ⓓ in pregnant constructions: σῴζειν εἰς bring safely into 2 Ti 4:18 (cp. X., An. 6, 4, 8; Diod S 2, 48; Cebes 27; SIG 521, 26 [III B.C.], OGI 56, 11; 4 Macc 15:3). διασῴζειν 1 Pt 3:20 (cp. Gen 19:19). μισθοῦσθαι ἐργάτας εἰς τ. ἀμπελῶνα to go into the vineyard Mt 20:1. ἐλευθεροῦσθαι εἰς be freed and come to Ro 8:21. ἀποδιδόναι τινὰ εἰς Αἴγυπτον Ac 7:9 (cp. Gen 37:28). ἔνοχος εἰς τ. γέενναν Mt 5:22; cp. 10:9; Mk 6:8; J 20:7.—DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > εἰς

  • 9 συντίθημι

    συντίθημι, used by Hom. only in [voice] Med., v. infr.:—[voice] Pass. (v. infr.), but σύγκειμαι is more freq. as [voice] Pass.:—
    A place or put together,

    τὴν οὐρὴν καὶ τὸν σπλῆνα.. συνθεὶς ὁμοῦ Hdt.2.47

    , cf. 4.67;

    ὅπλα ἐν τῷ ναῷ X.HG2.3.20

    ;

    ἅπαντα εἰς ἕν E.IT 1016

    ;

    ἐν ὀλίγῳ πάντα Id.Supp. 1126

     (lyr.);

    ὁ πρῶτος συνθεὶς εἰς ταὐτὸν τὰ δύο ταῦτα βιβλίδια Gal.15.109

    ; σ. ἱμάτια, opp. ἀνασείειν, fold them together, X. Oec.10.11; σ. σκέλη, opp. ἐκτείνειν, Id.Cyn.5.10; opp. διαιρεῖσθαι, Pl.Sph. 252b; σ. ἄρθρα στόματος close the lips, E.Cyc. 625; εἰς τὸ οὖλον ( αυλον cod.) σ. τὴν κόμην, = calamistrat, Gloss.:—[voice] Pass., τὸ συντίθεσθαι καθ' ὁντινοῦν τρόπον ῥῖγος οὐκ ἀγαθόν ἐστι any sort of combination of shivering (with other symptoms), Gal.16.746.
    2 technical uses,
    a Math., add together, of numbers, Hdt.3.95 ([voice] Pass.); τό τε ἀρχαῖον καὶ τὸ ἔργον principal and interest, D.27.17, cf. 29.30: Geom., of lines and figures, Archim.Spir.Praef., Papp.70.4.
    b Math. also, of the transformation of a ratio componendo, Arist. EN 1131b8 ([voice] Pass.), Euc.5.18,24 ([voice] Pass.).
    c Logic, combine the terms of a proposition, Arist.Metaph. 1012a4, 1024b19 ([voice] Pass.); also, use the fallacy of composition (cf.

    σύνθεσις 1.2e

    ), Id.Rh. 1401a24.
    e σ. λόγον make up an account, PHib.1.48.15 (iii B.C.).
    II put together constructively, so as to make a whole, πεντηκοντέρους καὶ τριήρεας (as a bridge) Hdt.7.36; λίθους, of builders, Th.4.4, IG42(1).103.59 (Epid., iv B.C.); πλίνθους, ξύλα, X.Mem.3.1.7, etc.;

    τὰ ὄστρακα IG42(1).121.82

     (Epid., iv B.C.);

    τὰ κομισθέντα Sor. 2.64

    ;

    ἐκ τούτων τὰ μέγιστα.. συνθεὶς τοῦτον.. τὸν λόγον ποιήσομαι Hippias Eleus 6

     D.;

    συλλαβάς Pl.Cra. 424e

    .
    2 construct, frame,

    τὸ θνητὸν γένος Pl.Ti. 69d

    ; ὁ συνθείς the creator, ib. 33d:—[voice] Pass., to be constructed, of the material universe, opp. διαλύεσθαι, Arist.Cael. 304b30.
    3 construct or frame a story,

    συνθέντες λόγον Id.Ba. 297

    , cf. Ar.Ra. 1052 (anap.), Pl.Phdr. 260b;

    οἱ τὰς τέχνας τῶν λόγων συντιθέντες Arist.Rh. 1354a12

    ; narrate in writing,

    τὰ Ἑλληνικά Th.1.97

    , cf. 21; compose, σ. μύθους, ποίησιν, μελῳδίαν, ὄρχησιν, Pl.R. 377d, Phdr. 278c, Lg. 812d, 816c;

    αἴνιγμα Id.Ap. 27a

    ;

    ὁ τὴν ἐνθάδε συνθεὶς ἀνατομήν Gal.15.147

    :—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. συντέθειται ib.797;

    περὶ ὀλίγας οἰκίας αἱ.. τραγῳδίαι συντίθενται Arist.Po. 1453a19

    .
    4 Math., of the synthesis of a geometrical problem, opp. ἀναλύω, Id.SE 175a28, Papp.648.13; συντεθήσεται τὸ πρόβλημα οὕτως the synthesis of the problem will proceed thus, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.1, cf. Apollon. Perg.Con.1 Praef., 2.44, al.
    5 frame, devise, contrive, ὁ συνθεὶς τάδε the framer of this plot, S.OT 401, cf. Th.8.68;

    ἐξ ἐπιβουλῆς σ. ταῦτα Antipho 5.25

    ;

    σ. λόγους ψευδεῖς Id.6.9

    ;

    ψευδεῖς αἰτίας D.25.28

    ;

    τὴν κατηγορίαν And.1.6

    , etc.; rarely in good sense,

    εὖ πρᾶγμα συντεθὲν ὄψεσθε D.18.144

    .
    6 put together, take in, comprehend,

    παιδὸς μόρον A.Supp.65

     (lyr.);

    ὄμνυ.. θεῶν συντιθεὶς ἅπαν γένος E.Med. 747

    ;

    πάσας συντιθεὶς ψέγει γυναῖκας Id.Fr. 657

    , cf. Hec. 1184: ἐν βραχεῖ ξυνθεὶς λέγω putting things shortly together, speaking briefly, S.El. 673.
    III commit to a person's care, deliver to him for his own use or that of others, PMich.Zen.2.3,14 (iii B.C.), PCair.Zen.4.23, 6.11,64, 299.9, al. (iii B.C.);

    γνώριζε οὐχ ὑπάρχον παρ' ἡμῖν ἀργύριον τοσοῦτο ὥστε ἱκανὸν συνθεῖναι Πυρρίχῳ PMich.Zen.28.18

    , cf. 32.7, PSI4.392.7, 5.524.3, 6.613.8, 7.862.1, PLille 15.3 (all iii B.C.); τινὶ ὀστᾶ, ἐπιστολάς, πλῆθος χρυσίου, etc., Plb.5.10.4, 8.17.4, 15.25.16, cf. 27.7.1, 28.22.3, IG12(5).590.12 (Ceos, ii B.C.), 11(4).1056.4 (Delos, ii B.C., cf. Jahresh.24.171), OGI345.11 (Delph., i B.C.).
    IV collect, conclude, infer, Plb. 28.17.14, Arr.Ind.34.
    B [voice] Med. συντίθεμαι, used by Hom. only in [tense] aor. 2 and in signf. 1:
    II agree on, conclude (cf. συνθήκη)

    , ἄνδρεσσι κακοῖς συνθέμενοι φιλίην Thgn.306

    ; συντίθεσθαι συμμαχίην, ὁμαιχμίην τισί, Hdt.2.181, 8.140.á;

    τὰς ξυνθήκας ἂς ξυνέθεντο IG12.117.4

    , cf. 116.27, al.;

    εἰρήνην Isoc. 15.109

    ; σ. ναῦλον agree upon the fare, X. An.5.1.12; ταῦτα συνθέμενοι having agreed on these points, Th.3.114, cf. Ar.Lys. 178, Plu.Alc.31;

    ξυνέθεσθε κοινῇ τάδε E.Ba. 807

    , cf. 808; so

    τάπερ τῷ Δαρείῳ συνεθήκατο

     with

    D.

    , Hdt.3.157;

    σ. Ἴωσι ξεινίην Id.1.27

    ;

    μισθόν τινι Pl.Grg. 520c

    ;

    σ. τι πρός τινα Hdt.7.145

    , etc.:—[voice] Pass., τοῦ συντεθέντος χρόνου agreed upon, Pl.Phdr. 254d.
    2 c. inf., covenant, agree to do,

    συνέθευ παρέχειν φωνάν Pi.P.11.41

     (dub. l.);

    σ. ἀλλήλοις μήτ' ἀδικεῖν μήτ' ἀδικεῖσθαι Pl.R. 359a

    , cf. And. 4.18, Arist.Pol. 1257a35: c. inf. [tense] fut.,

    ξυνέθεντο ἥξειν Th.6.65

    ; σ. τινί folld. by inf. [tense] fut.,

    συνθέμενοι ἡμῖν.. ἀντιώσεσθαι Hdt.9.7

    .β, cf. And.1.42: an inf. must be supplied in the phrases, κατὰ (i.e. καθ' ἃ) συνεθήκαντο, καθ' ὅτι ἂν συνθῶνται, etc., Hdt.3.86, Foed. ap. Th.5.18: also

    σ. ὡς.. Hdt.6.84

    ;

    ὡς δεῖ ἕκαστα γίγνεσθαι X.HG5.4.2

    .
    3 abs., make a covenant,

    ἔβαν συνθέμενος Pi.N.4.75

     (constr. uncertain in Alc.Supp.5.11): c. dat., Hdt.6.115, X.An.1.9.7, POxy.1668.12 (iii A.D.);

    αὐτὸς σαυτῷ συνέθου Pl.Cra. 435a

    ; συνθέσθαι πρός τινα come to terms with him, Decr. ap. D.18.187, POxy.908.18 (ii/iii A.D.);

    περί τινος πρὸς ἀλλήλους D.S.1.98

    ; also, bet, wager, Thphr. HP9.17.2, Men.Epit. 288;

    πρός τινας Plu.Alc.8

    .
    4 vote with, support,

    τούτοις Lys.Fr.68

    , cf. Call.Epigr.1.14, D.H.Isoc.18, Paus. 4.15.2;

    τοῖς ἀπὸ Ἡροφίλου Sor.2.53

    ; assent to,

    πᾶσι τοῖς προκειμένοις PFay.34.20

     (ii A.D.);

    ἵνα μὴ δόξω συνθέσθαι τῇ τοῦ πραγματικοῦ ἀγνοίᾳ POxy.78.23

     (iii A.D.).
    5 conclude, infer (cf. A. IV), Stoic.2.63, Phld.Sign.2, al.:—[voice] Pass., τὰ ὕστερον -τεθησόμενα ib.28.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συντίθημι

  • 10 ἅπτω

    ἅπτω, [tense] fut. ἅψω: [tense] aor. ἧψα:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. ἧμμαι, [dialect] Ion.
    A

    ἅμμαι Hdt.1.86

    : [tense] fut.

    ἅψομαι Od.9.379

    , ἁφθήσομαι ([etym.] συν-) Gal.3.311:—[voice] Med., v.infr. (cf. ἑάφθη):— fasten or bind to, used by Hom., once in [voice] Act., ἅψας ἀμφοτέρωθεν.. ἔντερον οἰός (of a lyre-string) Od.21.408; once in [voice] Med., ἁψαμένη βρόχον.. ἀφ' ὑψηλοῖο μελάθρου having fastened the noose to the beam (to hang herself), 11.278; so later

    ἅψεται ἀμφὶ βρόχον.. δείρᾳ E.Hipp. 770

    ;

    ἁψαμένη βρόχον αὐχένι A.R.1.1065

    :—[voice] Act.,

    βρόχους ἅ. κρεμαστούς E.Or. 1036

    ; but

    βρόχῳ ἅ. δέρην Id.Hel. 136

    , cf. AP7.493 (Antip. Thess.).
    2 join,

    ἅ. χορόν A.Eu. 307

    ; πάλην τινὶ ἅ. fasten a contest in wrestling on one, engage with one, Id.Ch. 868: —[voice] Pass.,

    ἅπτεσθαι τὴν Μεγαρέων πόλιν καὶ Κορινθίων τοῖς τείχεσιν Arist.Pol. 1280b14

    .
    II more freq. in [voice] Med., ἅπτομαι, [tense] fut. ἅψομαι, [tense] aor.

    ἡψάμην E.Supp. 317

    , with [tense] pf. [voice] Pass.

    ἧμμαι S.Tr. 1010

    (lyr.), Pl. Phdr. 260e:—fasten oneself to, grasp, c.gen.,

    ἅψασθαι γούνων Il.1.512

    ;

    χειρῶν 10.377

    ;

    ἁψαμένη δὲ γενείου Ὀδυσσῆα προσέειπεν Od.19.473

    ;

    ἅπτεσθαι νηῶν Il.2.152

    ;

    βρώμης δ' οὐχ ἅπτεαι οὐδὲ ποτῆτος; Od.10.379

    , cf. 4.60;

    ὡς δ' ὅτε τίς τε κύων συὸς.. ἅπτηται κατόπισθε.. ἰσχία τε γλουτούς τε Il.8.339

    ;

    ἅπτεσθαι τοῦ ἐπεόντος ἐπὶ τῶν δενδρέων καρποῦ Hdt.2.32

    ;

    τῶν τύμβων ἁπτόμενοι Id.4.172

    ; ἅπτεσθαί τινος, Lat. manus inicere alicui, Id.3.137;

    οὔτ' ἔθιγεν οὔθ' ἥψαθ' ἡμῶν E.Ba. 617

    ; τῶν σφυγμῶν feel the pulse, Arr.Epict.3.22.73: metaph., take hold of, cleave to, Pl.Lg. 967c.
    c

    ἅ. τῆς γῆς

     land,

    D.S.4.48

    .
    III metaph., engage in, undertake,

    βουλευμάτων S.Ant. 179

    ;

    ἀγῶνος E. Supp. 317

    ; πολέμου prosecute it vigorously, Th.5.61;

    ἧπται τοῦ πράγματος D.21.155

    ;

    ψυχὴ ἡμμένη φόνων Pl.Phd. 108b

    , cf. E.IT 381;

    τῶν μεγίστων ἀσεβημάτων Plb.7.13.6

    ; so

    ἅ. τῆς μουσικῆς καὶ φιλοσοφίας Pl.R. 411c

    ; ἐπιτηδεύματος ib. 497e;

    γεωμετρίας Id.Plt. 266a

    ;

    τῆς θαλάττης Plb.1.24.7

    ;

    ἅπτεσθαι λόγου E.Andr. 662

    , Pl.Euthd. 283a (but ἅπτεσθαι τοῦ λόγου attack, impugn the argument of another, Id.Phd. 86d); τούτων ἥψατο touched on these points, handled them, Th.1.97;

    ἅ. τῆς ζητήσεως Arist.GC 320b34

    ; but also, touch on, treat superficially, Pl.Lg. 694c, Arist.EE 1227a1.
    b abs., begin, set to work,

    ταῖς διανοίαις Ar.Ec. 581

    .
    2 fasten upon, attack, Pi.N.8.22, A.Ag. 1608, etc.;

    μόνον τῷ δακτύλῳ Ar.Lys. 365

    ;

    τῆς οὐραγίας Plb.2.34.12

    ; esp. with words, Hdt.5.92.γ; of diseases,

    ἧπταί μου S.Tr. 1010

    , cf. Gal.15.702;

    ἥψατο τῶν ἀνθρώπων Th.2.48

    ; ὅσα ἅπτεται ἀνθρώπων all that feed on human flesh, ib.50.
    b lay hands on,

    χρημάτων Pl.Lg. 913a

    ;

    τῶν ἀλλοτρίων Id.R. 360b

    , etc.
    3 touch, affect,

    ἄλγος οὐδὲν ἅπτεται νεκροῦ A.Fr. 255

    , cf. S.OC 955;

    ἅπτει μου τοῖς λόγοις τῆς ψυχῆς Pl. Ion 535a

    ;

    τῆς ἐμῆς ἥψω φρενός E.Rh. 916

    ;

    ὥς μου χρησμὸς ἅ. φρενῶν Ar.Eq. 1237

    ; make an impression upon,

    ἡμῶν OGI315.56

     (Pessinus, ii B. C.).
    4 grasp with the senses, perceive, S.OC 1550, Pl.Phd. 99e; apprehend,

    τῆς αἰτίας Arist.Resp. 472a3

    .
    5 have intercourse with a woman, Pl.Lg. 84ca, Arist.Pol. 1335b40, 1 Ep.Cor. 7.1;

    εὐνῆς E.Ph. 946

    .
    6 come up to, reach, overtake, X.HG5.4.43; attain,

    τῆς ἀληθείας Pl.Phd. 65b

    ;

    τοῦ τέλους Id.Smp. 211b

    : in Pi., c. dat.,

    ἀγλαΐαις P.10.28

    ;

    στάλαισιν Ἡρακλείαις Id.I.4(3).12

    ; but also c. gen.,

    Ἡρακλέος σταλᾶν Id.O.3.44

    .
    7 make use of, avail oneself of,

    τῆς τύχης E.IA56

    .
    8 Geom., of bodies and surfaces, to be in contact, Arist.Ph. 231a22, cf. Metaph. 1002a34, al., S.E.M.3.35; of lines or curves, meet, Euc.3Def.2; touch, Id.4Def.5, Archim. Sph.Cyl.1.28; pass through a point, Euc.4Defs.2,6; of points, lie on a line or curve, ib.Defs.1,3; ἅπτεται τὸ σημεῖον θέσει δεδομένης εὐθείας the locus of the point is a given straight line, Id. ap. Papp.656.6,al.
    B [voice] Act., kindle, set on fire (i.e. by contact of fire), Hdt.8.52, etc. (so in [voice] Med., Call.Dian. 116);

    ἐρείκης θωμὸν ἅψαντες πυρί A.Ag. 295

    : metaph.,

    πυρσὸν ὕμνων Pi.I.4(3).43

    :—[voice] Pass., to be set on fire,

    ὁ μοχλὸς ἐλάϊνος ἐν πυρὶ μέλλεν ἅψεσθαι Od.9.379

    ; ὡς ἅφθη τάχιστα τὸ λήιον.. ἅψατο νηοῦ as soon as the corn caught fire, it set fire to the temple, Hdt.1.19; πυρῆς ἤδη ἁμμένης ib.86;

    ἧπται πυρί E.Hel. 107

    .
    II ἅ. πῦρ kindle a fire, ib. 503:—[voice] Pass., ἄνθρακες ἡμμένοι red-hot embers, Th.4.100;

    δᾷδ' ἐνεγκάτω τις ἡμμένην Ar.Nu. 1490

    , cf. Pl. 301.
    III cook, Alex.124.1.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἅπτω

  • 11 ἐξάγω

    ἐξάγω, [tense] pf.
    A

    - ῆχα D.42.19

    ,

    - αγήγοχα PHib.1.34.10

     (iii B. C.):—lead out, lead away:
    I of persons, mostly c. gen. loci, μεγάροιο, πόγηος, ὁμίλου, Od.22.458, 23.372, Il.5.353; μάχης ib.35: with ἐκ.., Od.8.106, 20.21;

    ἐ. ἐκ τῆς χώρης Hdt.4.148

    , al.; Ἄργεος ἐξαγαγόντες having brought her out from Argos, Il.13.379; bring out of prison, release, PHib.1.34.4, al. (iii B.C.), Act.Ap.16.39; bring forth into the world,

    τόν γε.. Εἰλείθυια ἐξάγαγε πρὸ φόωσδε Il.16.188

    ;

    νεοττούς

     lead out of the nest,

    Arist.HA 613b12

    ;

    ἐ. Λυδοὺς ἐς μάχην Hdt.1.79

    , etc.;

    ἐπὶ θήραν τινά Ar.Fr.2

     D., cf. X.Cyr.1.4.14; lead out to execution, Hdt.5.38, X.An.1.6.10, etc.: c. acc. cogn.,

    με τήνδε τὴν ὁδὸν.. ἐξήγαγε S.OC98

    .
    b seemingly intr., march out (sc. στρατόν), X.HG 4.5.14, 5.4.38, etc.: generally, go out,

    ὡς εἰς θήραν Id.Cyr.2.4.18

    ; εἰς προνομάς ib.6.1.24: once in Hom., τύμβον.. ἕνα χεύομεν ἐξαγαγόντες let us go out and pile one tomb for all, Il.7.336 (Aristarch.); also, come to an end, οἱ μεγάλοι πόνοι συντόμως ἐ. soon pass away, Epicur.Fr. 447, cf. M.Ant.7.33.
    2 draw out from, release from,

    ἀχέων τινά Pi.P.3.51

    ; ἐ. τινὰ ἐκ τοῦ ζῆν, i.e. put him to death, Plb. 23.16.13; ἑαυτὸν ἐκ τοῦ ζῆν commit suicide, Id.38.16.5;

    τοῦ ζῆν Plu.2.1076b

    ;

    τοῦ σώματος Id.Comp.Demetr.Ant.6

    ; simply

    ἐ. ἑαυτόν Chrysipp.Stoic.3.188

    , cf. Paul.Aeg.5.29;

    ὅταν ἡμᾶς τὸ χρεὼν ἐξάγῃ Metrod.49

    .
    3 eject a claimant from property (cf.

    ἐξαγωγή 11

    ), D.30.4, 32.17, 44.32, etc.:—[voice] Pass., to be turned out,

    ὑπὸ τοῦ παιδοτρίβου Aeschin.Socr.37

    .
    II of merchandise, etc., carry out, export,

    ῥῶπον χθονός A.Fr. 263

    , cf. Ar.Eq. 278, 282, etc.; εἴ τις ἐξαγαγὼν παῖδα ληφθείη exporting him as a slave, Lys.10.10, cf. 13.67:—[voice] Pass., And. 2.11, Th.6.31, X.Vect.3.2, etc.;

    τὰ -όμενα

     exports,

    Arist.Rh. 1359b22

    ;

    οὔτε γὰρ ἐξήγετο.. οὐδὲν οὔτ' εἰσήγετο D.18.145

    :—[voice] Med., X.Ath.2.3.
    2 draw off water, Id.Oec.20.12 ([voice] Pass.), D.55.17; draw out, of perspiration,

    ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου Hp.

    Aër.8 ([voice] Pass.); so, carry off by purgative medicines,

    ἕλμινθας Gp.12.26.1

    , cf. Dsc.2.152.2, Plu.2.134c, Aret.CA2.5: generally, get rid of, Thphr.HP5.6.3.
    3 of building, draw or carry farther out,

    αἱμασιάν D.55.22

    :—[voice] Pass.,

    ὁ περίβολος πανταχῇ ἐξήχθη τῆς πόλεως Th.1.93

    .
    III bring forth, produce,

    οὐκ ἐξάγουσι καρπὸν οἱ ψευδεῖς λόγοι S.Fr. 834

    ;

    ᾠά

     hatch,

    Arist.HA 564b8

    ; call forth, excite,

    δάκρυ τινί E.Supp. 770

    :—[voice] Med.,

    γέλωτα ἐξαγαγέσθαι X.Cyr.2.2.15

    ;

    μικρὰ ἆθλα πολλοὺς πόνους ἐξάγεται

     elicit, induce,

    Id.Hier.9.11

    .
    IV lead on, carry away, excite,

    τινά E.Alc. 1080

    , Supp.79;

    τινὰ ἐπ' οἶκτον Id. Ion 361

    , cf. HF 1212 (anap.);

    ἐς τοὺς κινδύνους Th.3.45

    ; in bad sense, lead on, tempt,

    οὐδέ με οἶνος ἐ. ὥστε εἰπεῖν Thgn.414

    ;

    ἐ. ἐπὶ τὰ πονηρότερα τὸν ὄχλον Th.6.89

    :—[voice] Med., E.HF 775 (lyr.);

    εἰς τὸ διδόναι λόγον Plu.2.922f

    :—[voice] Pass., to be led on to do a thing, c.inf.,

    ἐξήχθην ὀλοφύρασθαι Lys.2.61

    ;

    ταῦτα.. ἐξήχθημεν εἰπεῖν Pl.R. 572b

    , cf. X.An.1.8.21;

    ἃ μὲν ἄν τις ἐξαχθῇ πρᾶξαι D.21.41

    , cf. 74;

    εἰς ἅμιλλαν Plu.Sol.29

    : abs., to be carried away by passion, Din.1.15;

    ὑπὸ τοῦ θυμοῦ Paus.5.17.8

    , etc.; ἐξάγουσα ὀδύνη distracting pain, Herod. [voice] Med. ap. Orib.7.8.1.
    2 lead away, [

    λόγον] εἰς ἄλλας ὑποθέσεις Plu. 2.42e

    ;

    προβλήματα ἐ. εἰς ὀργανικὰς κατασκευάς

     reduce,

    Id.Marc.14

     (also εἰς ἔργον πρόβλημα ibid.); ἐ. εἰς τὸ ἀνώτερον, Lat. altius repetere, Id.2.639e; πρὸς τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν διάλεκτον ἐξάγειν τοὔνομα express in Greek, Id.Num.13.
    V exercise,

    τὴν ἀρχὴν οὐκέτι βασιλικῶς, ἀλλὰ τυραννικώτερον D.H.2.56

    , cf. IG22.1304.4, 14; carry out instructions, Michel 409.18 (Naxos, iii B.C.).
    VII intr., pass one's life, D.S.3.43.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξάγω

  • 12 ἐπεί

    ἐπεί, Conj., both temporal and causal; also [full] ἐπειδή, [full] ἐπείτε.
    A OF TIME ( ἐπειδή is more freq. in this sense in Prose), after that, since, when, from Hom. downwds.:
    I with Ind.,
    1 of a definite occurrence in past time, mostly c. [tense] aor., ἐπεί π' εὔξαντο after they had prayed, Il.1.458;

    ἐπειδὴ ἐτελεύτησε Δαρεῖος καὶ κατέστη Ἀρταξέρξης

     after

    D.

     had died and A. had succeeded, X.An.1.1.3: rarely c. [tense] impf.,

    ἐπειδὴ εἱστιώμεθ' Ar.Nu. 1354

    ;

    ἐ. πόντον εἰσεβάλλομεν E.IT 260

    ;

    ἐ. ἠσθένει Δαρεῖος X.An.1.1.1

    : c. [tense] plpf., ἐπειδὴ ἐξηπάτησθε.. after you had been deceived.., D.18.42; but generally the [tense] aor. is found, the [tense] plpf. being used only for special emphasis: c. [tense] impf. to express an action not yet complete, ἐπεὶ ὑπηντίαζεν ἡ φάλαγξ καὶ ἡ σάλπιγξ ἐφθέγξατο after the phalanx began to advance and the trumpet had sounded, X.An.6.5.27.
    2 with implied reference to some later time, ἐ. or ἐπειδή, = ἐξ οὗ, from the time when, since, mostly c. [tense] aor.,

    πολλὰ πλάγχθη, ἐ. ἔπερσε Od.1.2

    ; ἐπείτε παρέλαβον τὸν θρόνον, τοῦτο ἐφρόντιζον ever since I came to the throne, I had this in mind, Hdt.7.8.

    ά; ἐπειδήπερ ὑπέστη Th.8.68

    ;

    δέκατον μὲν ἔτος τόδ' ἐ... ἦραν A.Ag. 40

    : sts. c. [tense] pres. (used in [tense] pf. sense) and [tense] pf., ἐ. δὲ φροῦδός ἐστι στρατός since the army is gone, S.Ant.15; ἐπείτε ὑπὸ τῷ Πέρσῃ εἰσί, πεπόνθασι τοιόνδε ever since they have been, now that they are.., Hdt.3.117.
    II with Subj., ἄν being always added in [dialect] Att. Prose, and ἄν or κε generally in Poetry: ἐπεί with ἄν becomes ἐπήν (so in Com., Ar.Lys. 1175,Av. 983), later ἐπάν (q.v.), [dialect] Ion.

    ἐπεάν Schwyzer 800

     (vi B.C.), Hdt.3.153, al.,

    ἐπήν Hp.Fract.6

    , al., and ἐπειδή with ἄν ἐπειδάν (q.v.); Hom. has ἐπεί κε, ἐπήν (once

    ἐπεὶ ἄν Il.6.412

    ):
    1 referring to future time with [tense] fut. apodosis, τέκνα ἄξομεν.. ἐπὴν πτολίεθρον ἕλωμεν when we shall have taken the city, Il.4.238;

    ἐ. κ' ἀπὸ λαὸς ὄληται 11.764

    . cf. Od.17.23;

    ἐπεάν περ ἡμίονοι τέκωσι, τότε τὸ τεῖχος ἁλώσεσθαι Hdt.3.153

    ; ταῦτ', ἐπειδὰν περὶ τοῦ γένους εἴπω, τότ' ἐρῶ I will speak of this, when I have spoken.., D.57.16, cf. X.An.2.3.29;

    ἐ. ἂν σύ γε πότ μον ἐπίσπῃς Il.6.412

    ; χρὴ δέ, ὅταν μὲν τιθῆσθε τοὺς νόμους,.. σκοπεῖν, ἐπειδὰν δὲ θῆσθε, φυλάττειν whenever you are enacting your laws,.. and after you have enacted them.., D.21.34.
    2 of repeated action, with a [tense] pres. apodosis, whenever, when once,

    δαμνᾷ, ἐ. κε λίπῃ ὀστέα θυμός Od.11.221

    , cf. Il.9.409; ἐπειδὰν ἡ ἐκφορὰ ᾖ.. ἄγουσι whenever the burial takes place they bring, Th.2.34; ἐπειδὰν κρύψωσι γῇ.. λέγει when they have covered them with earth, ibid.: sts. without ἄν or κε in Poets,

    ἐ. ἂρ βλέφαρ' ἀμφικαλύψῃ Od.20.86

    ;

    ἐ. δὴ τόν γε δαμάσσεται.. ὀϊστός Il.11.478

    , cf. S.OC 1225 (lyr.), Ant. 1025.
    3 like A.1.2, δέκα ἡμερῶν ἐπειδὰν δόξῃ within ten days from the passing of the resolution, IG12.88.7.
    III with Opt. (without ἄν):
    1 referring to future time, ἐπειδὴ πρὸς τὸ φῶς ἔλθοι, ὁρᾶν οὐδ' ἂν ἓν δύνασθαι (sc. οὐκ οἴει); after he had come into the light.., Pl.R. 516a: Hom. sts. uses ἐπήν with opt. in same sense as ἐπεί, Il.24.227, Od.2.105 (codd.), etc.
    2 more freq. of repeated action, with a past apodosis,

    ἐ. ζεύξειεν.., δησάσκετο Il.24.14

    ;

    ἐπειδὴ δέ τι ἐμφάγοιεν, ἀνίσταντο X.An.4.5.9

    ;

    ἐ. πύθοιτο, ἐπῄνει Id.Cyr.5.3.55

    , cf. Th.8.38, Pl.Phd. 59d, Prt. 315b.
    3 in orat. obliq. after past tenses, representing a subj. in orat. rect., αὐτὸς δὲ ἐπεὶ διαβαίης, ἀπιέναι ἔφησθα (the direct form being ἐπὴν διαβῶ) X.An. 7.2.27, cf. 3.5.18, Cyr.1.4.21; after opt. in a final clause, ἐπορεύοντο,

    ὅπως ἐπειδὴ γένοιντο ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ.. ἴοιεν Th.7.80

    .
    4 by assimilation to opt. in principal clause,

    ἦ τ' ἂν.. νῦν μὲν ἀνώγοιμι πτολεμίζειν.. ἐπὴν τεισαίμεθα λώβην Il.19.208

    ;

    ὃς τὸ καταβρόξειεν ἐπεὶ κρητῆρι μιγείη Od.4.222

    .
    5 ἐπειδάν c. opt. is f.l. in some passages of early authors, as X.Cyr.1.3.11, D.30.6 (c. ind., Plb.13.7.8): found in later Gr., Agath.2.5, al., Zos.5.18.10.
    IV with Inf., only in orat. obliq., ἐπειδὴ δὲ κατὰ σχολὴν σκέψασθαι, κόπτεσθαι (sc. ἔφη) Pl.R. 619c, cf.Smp. 174d, Hdt.4.10, 7.150.
    V with other words:
    1 ἐ. τάχιστα as soon as, freq. separated by a word,

    ἐ. ἦλθε τάχιστα,.. ἀπέδοτο X.An.7.2.6

    ;

    ἐ. δὲ τάχιστα διέβη Id.Cyr.3.3.22

    ;

    ἐ. θᾶττον Arist.Pol. 1284a40

    ;

    ἐ. εὐθέως X.HG3.2.4

    ;

    ἐ... αὐτίκα Pi.N.1.35

    ;

    ἐπειδὴ τάχιστα Pl.Prt. 310c

    , D.27.16;

    ἐπειδὰν τάχιστα Hdt.8.144

    , X.An.3.1.9; rarely

    ἐπειδὴ θᾶττον D.37.41

    ;

    ἐπειδὰν θᾶττον Pl.Prt. 325c

    .
    b

    ἐ. τὰ πρῶτα Il.12.420

    ;

    ἐ. τὸ πρῶτον A.Ag. 1287

    .
    2 with emphatic Particles, ἐπεὶ ἄρα when then, in continuing a narrative, Il.6.426; ἐπεὶ οὖν when then, in resuming a narrative, 1.57, 3.4;

    ἐπεὶ ὦν Hdt.3.9

    ;

    ἐπεὶ γὰρ δή Id.9.90

    , etc.
    B CAUSAL ( ἐπεί more freq. in this sense in early Prose: ἐπειδή whereas is used in preambles of decrees, IG22.103, etc.;

    ἐπειδήπερ

     inasmuch as, Ev. Luc.

    1.1

    ), since, seeing that, freq. from Hom. downwards:
    1 with Ind. (after both present and past tenses),

    ἐ. οὐδὲ ἔοικε Il.1.119

    , cf. 153, 278, Pi.O.4.16, X.Mem.2.3.4;

    ἐπειδή Th.8.80

    ;

    ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἐθέλεις Pl.Prt. 335c

    ;

    νίκη δ' ἐπείπερ ἕσπετ', ἐμπέδως μένοι A.Ag. 854

    ; freq. with past tenses with

    ἄν, ἐπεὶ οὔποτ' ἂν στόλον ἐπλεύσατ' ἄν S.Ph. 1037

    ;

    ἐπεὶ οὔ κεν ἀνιδρωτί γ' ἐτελέσθη Il.15.228

    , cf. D. 18.49; οὐ γὰρ ἂν σθένοντά γε εἷλέν μ'· ἐπεὶ οὐδ' ἂν ὧδ' ἔχοντ' (sc. εἷλεν) S.Ph. 948: esp. in the sense, for otherwise.., Pi.O.9.29, S.OT 433, X.Mem.2.7.14, Herod.2.72, etc.: so c. [tense] fut., ἐξέστω δὲ μηδενὶ.. τεθῆναι.., ἐ. ἀποδώσει.. otherwise he shall pay.., Rev.Et.Anc.4.261 (near Smyrna): c. imper., ἐ. δίδαξον for teach me, S.El. 352, OC 969, cf. OT 390, Ar.V.73, Pl.Grg. 473e: with an interrog., ἐ. πῶς ἂν καλέσειας; for how would you call him? Ar.Nu. 688, cf. Pi.P.7.5, A.Ch. 214, S. Tr. 139 (lyr.);

    ὦ Ἀλκιβιάδη, ἐπειδὴ περὶ τίνος Ἀθηναῖοι διανοοῦνται βουλεύεσθαι, ἀνίστασαι συμβουλεύσων; Pl.Alc.1.106c

    .
    2 c. Opt.,

    ἐ. ἂν μάλα τοι σχεδὸν ἔλθοι Il.9.304

    , cf. S.Aj. 916; so after past tenses on the principle of orat. obliq., ἐπείπερ ἡγήσαιντο since (as they said) they believed, X.Mem.1.4.19.
    3 c. Inf. in orat. obliq.,

    ἐ. γιγνώσκειν γε αὐτά Pl.Prt. 353a

    , cf. Hdt.8.111, Th.2.93.
    4 in elliptical expressions, ἀδύνατός [εἰμι], ἐ. ἐβουλόμην ἂν οἷός τ' εἶναι I am unable (and yet I am sorry), for I should like to have the power, Pl.Prt. 335c; so εἶμι· ἐ. καὶ ταῦτ' ἂν ἴσως οὐκ ἀηδῶς σου ἤκουον ibid. (here the sense may be given by and yet, although, cf. ib. 333c, 317a, Ap. 19e, Smp. 187a, Arist.EN 1121a19); ἐ. ὅ γε ἀποθανὼν πελάτης τις ἦν ἐμός and yet (moreover) the murdered man was my own hired man, Pl. Euthphr.4c.
    b sts. after a voc., where 'listen' may be supplied,

    Ἕκτορ, ἐ. με κατ' αἶσαν ἐνείκεσας Il.3.59

    , cf. 13.68, Od.3.103, 211.
    5 with other Particles, ἐ. ἄρα, ἐ. ἂρ δή since then, Od.17.185; ἐ. γε (

    ἐπεί.. γε Il.1.352

    , Hes. Th. 171), more emphatic than ἐ., since indeed, E.Cyc. 181, Hipp. 955; ἐπειδή γε ib. 946, Pl.Phd. 77d, D.54.29; sts. separated,

    ἐπειδή.. γε S.El. 631

    , Pl.Phd. 87c;

    ἐ. γε δή Hdt.3.9

    , S.Ant. 923,

    ἐπειδή γε καί Th.6.18

    ; ἐ. ἦ since in truth,

    ἐ. ἦ πολὺ φέρτερόν ἐστι Il.1.169

    , cf. 156, Od.9.276; ἐπείπερ (

    ἐ... περ Il.13.447

    , Od.20.181) in Trag. and Prose, A.Ag. 822, S.OC75, Pl.Phd. 114d; ἐπειδήπερ in Com. and Prose, Ar.Ach. 437, 495, Nu. 1412, Th.6.18, Pl.R. 350e; ἐ. τοι since surely, S.OC 433;

    ἐ. νύ τοι Il.1.416

    ;

    ἐ. τοι καί E. Med. 677

    , Pl.R. 567e. [ἐ. sts. begins a verse in Hom., Il.22.379, Od. 4.13, 8.452, 21.25; sts. coalesces by synizesis with οὐ, οὐδέ, etc., S. Ph. 446, 948, etc.]

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπεί

  • 13 μέθυ

    Grammatical information: n.
    Meaning: `entoxicating drink, wine' (Il.).
    Other forms: gen. - υος (Pl. Epigr., Nic.)
    Compounds: As 1. member e.g. in μεθυ-πλήξ, - γος `hit by wine, drunk' (Call., APl.).
    Derivatives: Denomin. verbs: μεθύ-σκομαι (ɪæ.), aor. μεθυ-σθῆναι (Alc., IA.) `intoxicate oneself, be(come) drunk'; act. μεθύ-σκω, aor. μεθύ(σ)-σαι, fut. μεθῠ́σω `intoxicate oneself' (Pl., hell.); μεθύ-ω only presentstem = - ύσκομαι, often metaph. (Od.). Several verbal nouns: 1. μέθη f. `drunkenness, intoxication' (IA.; backformation from μεθύω after πληθυω: πλήθη, Wackernagel Unt. 131 n. 3); 2. μέθυσις `intoxication' (Thgn.; after πόσις, Porzig Satzinhalte 190) ; 3. μέθυσμα `intoxicating drink' (LXX, Ph.). 4. μέθυσος (- ση) m. f. `drunkard' (Hecat., Ar.; first of women; Schwyzer 516, Chantraine Form. 435), also μεθύσης `id.' (Ath., Luc.; to stress the substantival character); 5. μεθυστής `id.' (Arr., AP), f. - ύστρια (Theopomp. Com.), - υστάς ( Trag. Adesp.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 37). 6. μεθυστκός `dipsomaniac, intoxicating' (Pl., Arist.); 7. μεθύσιον εἶδος ἀμπέλου H. (cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 91); 8. μεθυμναῖος surn. of Dionysos (Plu.); joking transformation of Μηθυμναῖος (from Μήθυμνα), after H. surn. of Dionysos (Wackernagel l.c.). -- PN, e.g. Μέθων, - υλλος, - ύσκος. -- On ἀ-μέθυ-στος s. v. On NGr. μεθύρα, - ύριον `wine-cask' Georgacas Μνήμης χάριν 1, 115ff.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [707] * medhu `honey, intoxicating drink'
    Etymology: Old word for `honey', which remained in most languages, e.g. Skt. mádhu n. `honey', Av. maδu n. `currant-wine', Slav., e.g. OCS medъ `honey', Balt., e.g. Lith. medùs `id.', Germ., e.g. OWNo. mjođr, OHG metu m. ' Met', Celt., e.g. OIr. mid `id.', Toch. B mit `honey', IE *médhu n. The meaning `honey' was in Greek limited to the also inherited μέλι; further the achaic μέθυ, which as opposed to its derivatives, was soon abandoned, referred to wine. -- Details in WP. 2, 261, Pok. 707, Fraenkel Wb. s. medùs, Vasmer Wb. s. méd.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέθυ

  • 14 πέλομαι

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `to stir' (in compp.), `to become, to take place, to be' (Il.).
    Other forms: more rare πέλω, aor. 2. a. 3. sg. ἔπλε-ο, - το, act. ἔπλε (Μ 11; v. l. ἦεν).
    Compounds: Also w. prefix (esp. in aor. ptc. περι-, ἐπι-πλόμενος).
    Derivatives: l. πόλος m. `axis, axis of the world, pole, vault of heaven, round disc of the sun dial etc.' (IA.); denom. ptc. ὁ πολεύων of the presiding planet ( Cod. Astr., PMag. a.o.). 2. - πόλος in synthetic compp. like αἰ-πόλος, δικας-πόλος (s. vv.), ἱππο-πόλος `horse-breeding' (Il.), νυκτι-πόλος `traveling by night' (E. in lyr.); τρί-πολος `ploughed thrice' (Hom., Hes.); from the prefixed verbs ἀμφίπολ-ος (s. v.: ἀμφι-πέλομαι, - πολέω), περίπολ-ος a.o.; cf. below. 3. Deverbatives: a. πολέω, - έομαι, often w. prefix, e.g. ἀμφι-, ἀνα-, περι-, προσ- `to go about, to wander around, to get etc.' (Pi., Att. etc.); also w. nominal 1. member, e.g. πυρ-πολέω `to watch a fire' (Od., X.), `to ravage with fire, to destroy' (IA.); besides, partly as backformations, περί-, πρόσ-πολος, πυρ-πόλος, πύρ-πολος a.o.; trans. `to turn (said of the earth), to root up, to plough' (Hes. Op. 462, Nik. Al. 245). b. πολεύω (χ 223, trans. S. in lyr.) `id.', from ἀμφι-πολεύω (ep. Od., Hdt.), where metr. conditioned for - έω (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 368, cf. also Schwyzer 732); on the denom. ptc. ὁ πολεύων s. on 1. above. c. πωλέομαι, also w. ἐπι-, `to come or go frequently' (Il.) with ἐπιπώλη-σις f. `muster, review of the army' (name of Il. 4, 250ff. by Gramm., Str., Plu.).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [639] * kʷel- `turn (around)'
    Etymology: The themat. presens πέλομαι, -ω agrees formally exactly with Lat. colō, - ere (from * quelō: in-quil-īnus, Es- quil-iae) `build upon, inhabit, attend, honour', with Skt. cárati, -te `move around, wander, drive (on the meadow), graze' and with Alb. siell `turn around, turn, bring': IE *kʷélō. An enlargement of it is Toch. B klautk-, A lotk- `turn around, turn, become' (v. Windekens Orbis 11, 195 f.); s. τελευτή. Because of the maintenance of the π- before ε πέλομαι must be Aeolic (Schwyzer 300, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 114); the otherwise to be expected τ- is seen in τέλομαι, τέλλομαι, τελέθω, τέλος (s. vv.). The old connection with cattle-breeding and agriculture is found also in Greek, where the meaning of the verb further soon faded, in compp. as αἰ-πόλος, βου-κόλος (s. vv.), τρί-πολος. With the deverbative πολέω agrees formally Alb. kiell `bring, carry' (*kʷolei̯ō). The formal identity of πωλέομαι and the Skt. causative cāráyati is secondary. The zero grade themat. aor. ἔ-πλ-ετο is isolated. -- To the primary verb was, esp. in Latin and Indo-Iranian, built a series of new nouns. Old are ἀμφίπολος (s. v.) = Lat. anculus and several words for `car, wagon' (s. κύκλος). Note still περίπολος m. `patrolling guardian' (Epich., Att.) = Skt. (Ved.) paricará- m. `servant'; on the accen (Greek innovation?) Schwyzer 379 a. 381. The regular o-derivation πόλος may have an agreement in Lat. colus -ūs or -ī `distaff'; the comparison is however not unproblematic (s. W.-Hofmann s. v.). Also Toch. B kele `navel' could be identical wit it; diff. v. Windekens Orbis 11, 602 (Ural. LW [loanword]). -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 1, 514ff., Pok. 639f., W.-Hofmann s. colō and collus, Mayrhofer s. cárati; further also Ernout-Meillet s. colō w. very important remarks. -- Here further πάλαι, πάλιν, τῆλε (s. v.). Cf. also ἐμπολή and ἔπιπλα.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέλομαι

  • 15 νῦν

    νῦν adv. of time (Hom.+) ‘now’
    ① temporal marker with focus on the moment as such, now
    ⓐ of time coextensive with the event of the narrative now, at the present time, w. focus on the immediate present, designating both a point of time as well as its extent.
    α. without definite article. The verbs w. which it is used are found
    א. in the pres. Lk 16:25; J 4:18; 9:21; 16:29; Ac 7:4; 2 Cor 13:2; Gal 1:23; 1 Pt 3:21; 1J 3:2 and oft.
    ב. in the perf., when it has pres. mng. ἔρχεται ὥρα καὶ ν. ἐλήλυθεν it is now here J 16:32 v.l.; ν. ἐγνώκαμεν now we know 8:52; cp. 17:7. ν. οἶδα Ac 12:11. ν. ἡ ψυχή μου τετάρακται J 12:27. Cp. 1J 2:18.
    ג. in the aor., mostly in contrast to the past, denoting that an action or condition is beginning in the present: νῦν ἐδοξάσθη ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου now the glorification of the Human One has begun J 13:31. ν. τὴν καταλλαγὴν ἐλάβομεν we have now entered into the reconciliation Ro 5:11. οὗτοι ν. ἠπείθησαν they have now become disobedient 11:31. ν. ἀπεκαλύφθη τοῖς ἁγίοις ἀποστόλοις now it has been revealed to the holy apostles Eph 3:5; cp. vs. 10; 2 Ti 1:10. ἃ ν. ἀνηγγέλη ὑμῖν that which is now proclaimed to you 1 Pt 1:12. Cp. Ro 5:9; 16:26; 1 Pt 2:10b, 25.—More rarely in contrast to the future: οὐ δύνασαί μοι νῦν ἀκολουθῆσαι, ἀκολουθήσεις δὲ ὕστερον J 13:36 (νῦν … ὕστερον as Jos., Ant. 4, 295). ἵνα ν. ἔλθῃ• ἐλεύσεται δέ 1 Cor 16:12. ἐὰν μὴ λάβῃ … ν., explained by ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τούτῳ Mk 10:30.
    ד. in the impv., to denote that the order or request is to be complied w. at once; ν. comes after the impv. (B-D-F §474, 3; before the impv.: TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 24 [Stone p. 14] νῦν θέασαι): καταβάτω ν. ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ now let him come down from the cross Mt 27:42; Mk 15:32. ῥυσάσθω ν. let (God) deliver him Mt 27:43. ἀντλήσατε ν. now draw some out J 2:8.
    β. with the definite art.
    א. as an adj. ὁ, ἡ, τὸ νῦν the present (X., An. 6, 6, 13 ὁ νῦν χρόνος; Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 55 ὁ νῦν κόσμος; PAmh 68, 66 ὁ νῦν στρατηγός; BGU 19, 5; GrBar 4:16 οἱ νῦν ἄνθρωποι; Just., D. 68, 8 ἡ νῦν ὁμιλία) ὁ νῦν αἰών the present age 1 Ti 6:17; 2 Ti 4:10; Tit 2:12. ὁ ν. καιρός (Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 239 D.) Ro 3:26; 8:18; 11:5; 2 Cor 8:14; 4:1. ἡ ν. Ἰερουσαλήμ the present Jerus. Gal 4:25. οἱ ν. οὐρανοί 2 Pt 3:7. ζωὴ ἡ ν. (opp. ἡ μέλλουσα) 1 Ti 4:8.
    ב. subst. τὸ νῦν the present time (Aristot.) w. prep. (X. et al.; ins, pap LXX) ἀπὸ τοῦ ν. from now on, in the future (SIG 982, 22; BGU 153, 14; 193 II, 11; POxy 479, 6; cp. IXanthos 86 D, ln. 8; s. LRobert, Nouvelles Inscriptions di Sardes ’64, 28f [other exx. in Dssm., NB 81=BS 253]; Sir 11:23f; Tob 7:12; 1 Macc 10:41; 11:35; 15:8; ApcMos 28; Jos., Ant. 13, 50) Lk 1:48; 5:10; 12:52; 22:69; Ac 18:6; 2 Cor 5:16a; ἄχρι τοῦ ν. until now (s. ἄχρι 1aα.—μέχρι τοῦ ν.: Just., D. 78, 8; Diod S 1, 22, 2; SIG 742, 35; BGU 256, 9; 667, 8; 3 Macc 6:28; Jos., Ant. 3, 322) Ro 8:22; Phil 1:5. ἕως τοῦ ν. until now (SIG 705, 44f [112 B.C.]; PMich 173, 14 [III B.C.]; Gen 32:5; 46:34; 1 Macc 2:33) Mt 24:21; Mk 13:19.
    ג. w. other particles: ἀλλὰ νῦν but now Lk 22:36; 2 Cor 5:16b. ἀλλὰ καὶ ν. (TestAbr A 16 p. 97, 5 [Stone p. 42]) J 11:22; ἄρα ν. so or thus now Ro 8:1. ν. γάρ for now 13:11. ν. δέ but now Lk 16:25; 19:42 (νῦν δέ in the reversal theme also Il. 19, 287–90; 22, 477–514 et al.); J 16:5; 17:13; Col 1:26; Hb 2:8. οὐδὲ ἔτι ν. not even now 1 Cor 3:2 (ἔτι ν.=even now: Plut., Mor. 162e; Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 302 D.; Jos., Ant. 1, 92; 2, 313). καὶ ν. even now (cp. Just., A I, 26, 4; 63, 1, D. 7, 2; Dio Chrys. 13 [7], 121) J 11:22 v.l. (perh. assuredly, but see HRiesenfeld, Nuntius 6, ’52, 41–44); Phil 1:20; ἔτι καὶ ν. and even now Dg 2:3 (Ath. 17, 2; cp. Just., A I, 26, 5 καὶ νῦν ἔτι, A II, 6, 6 καὶ ἔτι νῦν); and now (TestLevi 19:1; JosAs 28:3) J 17:5; Ac 16:37; 23:21; 26:6; Phil 1:30; AcPl Ha 8, 21. ν. οὖν so now (Gen 27:8; 1 Macc 10:71) Ac 16:36; 23:15. καὶ ν. … ἤδη and now … already 1J 4:3. ν. μέν now, to be sure J 16:22. ποτὲ … ν. δέ once … but now (Mel., P. 43, 306) Ro 11:30; Eph 5:8; 1 Pt 2:10. πολλάκις … ν. δέ often … but now Phil 3:18. τότε (μὲν) … ν. δέ then to be sure … but now Gal 4:9; Hb 12:26. ὥσπερ τότε … οὕτως καὶ ν. just as then … so also now Gal 4:29.—ALaurentin, וְעַתָּה—καὶ νῦν. Formule, etc. (J 17:5): Biblica 45, ’64, 168–95; 413–32; HBronyers, … adverbiales וְעַתָּה im AT: VetusT 15, ’65, 289–99.
    ⓑ of time shortly before or shortly after the immediate pres.: ν. ἠκούσατε Mt 26:65. ν. ἐζήτουν σε λιθάσαι they were just now trying to stone you J 11:8. Cp. 21:10; Ac 7:52.— (Soon) now (Epict. 3, 24, 94) ν. ἀπολύεις τὸν δοῦλόν σου Lk 2:29. Cp. J 12:31ab; 16:5; Phil 1:20.
    ② temporal marker with focus not so much on the present time as the situation pert. at a given moment, now, as it is
    ⓐ without art. as things now stand (Gen 29:32; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 10, 22) νῦν ζῶμεν ἐάν as the situation now is, we live if 1 Th 3:8. So also νῦν δέ, καὶ νῦν, νῦν οὖν: νῦν οὖν τί πειράζετε τ. θεόν; since this is so, why are you tempting God? Ac 15:10; cp. 10:33 (νῦν οὖν: TestAbr B 7 p. 112, 3 [Stone p. 72]; TestJob 23:7; ApcMos 11:30; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 25, 3; Babrius 6, 9). καὶ ν. τί μέλλεις; 22:16 (cp. TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 18 [Stone p. 10] καὶ ν., κύριε τὶ ποιήσω;). Cp. 2J 5.—Somet. in impv. statements (oft. LXX; cp. JJeremias, ZNW 38, ’39, 119f; PsSol 2:32; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 5 [Stone p. 10]; TestSim 7:1; JosAs 6:8; GrBar 4:1; Tat. 21, 2 πείσθητέ μοι νῦν) καὶ ν. πέμψον now send Ac 10:5. Cp. 16:36; 23:15; 1J 2:28; GJs 9:2.—On ἄγε νῦν s. ἄγε.—Not infreq. νῦν δέ serves to contrast the real state of affairs with the statement made in an unreal conditional clause: εἰ ἔγνως … • νῦν δέ if you had known … ; but, as a matter of fact Lk 19:42. Cp. J 8:40; 9:41; 15:22, 24; 18:36; 1 Cor 12:18 v.l., 20; Hb 11:16.—1 Cor 5:11; 7:14; Js 4:16.
    ⓑ with art.: neut. pl. τὰ ν. (also written τανῦν; cp. Tdf., Prol. p. 111) as far as the present situation is concerned = now (Trag., Pla. et al.; POxy 743, 30 [2 B.C.]; 811; PTebt 315, 25; Jdth 9:5; 1 Esdr 1:31; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 217) Ac 4:29; 17:30; 20:32; 27:22. καὶ τὰ νῦν λέγω ὑμῖν for now I tell you this 5:38. ἀλλὰ τὰ ν. Hs 5, 7, 4 (TestLevi 10:1 v.l.).—τὸ νῦν ἔχον for the present (Dio Chrys. 21 [38], 42; Tob 7:11 BA v.l.; cp. Tat. 15, 2; 41, 1 τὸ δὲ νῦν συνέχον) Ac 24:25 (B-D-F §160).—The ms. tradition oft. varies betw. ν. and νυνί.—PTachau, ‘Einst’ u. ‘Jetzt’ im NT, ’72; FDanker, Proclamation Commentaries: Luke2, ’87, 47–57. B. 962f. DELG s.v. νυ. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > νῦν

  • 16 οὔτε

    οὔτε adv. (Hom.+. In the mss. freq. exchanged w. οὐδέ: as v.l., e.g. Mk 5:3; Lk 12:26; 20:36; J 1:25; Ac 4:12; 1 Cor 3:2; Gal 1:12a; 1 Th 2:3; Rv 5:3; 9:20; 12:8; 20:4; as text: Gal 1:12b οὔτε ἐδιδάχθην; Js 3:12; Rv 5:3, 4 (both οὔτε βλέπειν αὐτό). In several places only οὐδέ is attested, where one should expect οὔτε: Rv 7:16; 9:4; 21:23.—Mayser p. 177; B-D-F §445, 1; Valley s.v. οὐδέ, end.—SIG 747, 27 [73 B.C.] οὔτε stands for οὐδέ; cp. Rv 12:8 v.l. and 20:4 v.l.; s. also 5:4 [οὐδέ as v.l. for correct οὔτε]) and not. οὔτε … οὔτε neither … nor (Jos., Ant. 3, 16; 15, 182) ὅπου οὔτε σὴς οὔτε βρῶσις ἀφανίζει Mt 6:20. Cp. 22:30; Mk 12:25; 14:68; Lk 12:24 v.l., 27 v.l. (for οὐ … οὐδέ); 14:35; 20:35; J 4:21; 5:37; 8:19; 9:3; Ac 2:31; 15:10; 19:37; 28:21; 1 Cor 3:7; 8:8; 11:11; Gal 5:6; 6:15; Rv 3:15f; AcPlCor 2:30. οὔτε … οὔτε … οὔτε neither … nor … nor (ParJer 5:7 and Just., D. 127, 2 four members; Apc4Esdr Fgm. b five members; Xenophon Eph. 1, 7, 1 p. 335, 28–30 six members) Ac 25:8; Ro 8:38f (οὔτε ten times); 1 Cor 6:9f (οὔτε seven times, continued and concluded by οὐ three times); 1 Th 2:5f (οὔτε three times, then twice in a new series: οὔτε ἀφʼ ὑμῶν οὔτε ἀπʼ ἄλλων); Rv 9:20.—οὔτε several times after οὐ vs. 21; before (and after) οὐ 21:4. In Ac 24:12f οὔτε threefold neither … nor … nor is continued by οὐδέ and … not at all. οὐδὲ γάρ … οὔτε for … not, … nor Gal 1:12 (v.l. has οὐδέ twice). οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ οὔτε ἐν τούτῳ τ. αἰῶνι οὔτε ἐν τ. μέλλοντι Mt 12:32 (the second οὔτε here is perhaps felt as intensifying = nor, I assure you, in the age to come. Cp. Arrian, Anab. 7, 14, 3 οὔτε βασιλεῖ οὔτε Ἀλεξάνδρῳ=neither for a king nor especially for Alex.). Solitary οὔτε (TestJob 22:2 τάχα οὔτε ἄρτου χορτάζεται=soon [Job] will starve for want of bread; Just., A I, 43, 2) οὐδεὶς ἄξιος εὑρέθη ἀνοῖξαι τὸ βιβλίον οὔτε βλέπειν αὐτό Rv 5:4.—οὔτε … καί (very rare in older Gk. [Kühner-G. II 291, 3a: Eur., I. T. 591f]. More freq. later: Plut., Mor. 1115b; Polyaenus 1, 30, 8; Lucian, Jupp. Trag. 5, Dial. Meretr. 2, 4 οὔτε πάντα ἡ Λεσβία, Δωρί, πρὸς σὲ ἐψεύσατο καὶ σὺ τἀληθῆ ἀπήγγελκας Μυρτίῳ; Aelian, NA 1, 57; 11, 9; Longus, Past. 1, 17; 4, 28; ApcSed 14:10; Jos., Bell. 2, 403; 463.—B-D-F §445, 3; s. Rob. 1189) οὔτε ἄντλημα ἔχεις καὶ τὸ φρέαρ ἐστὶν βαθύ you have no bucket, and the well is deep J 4:11. οὔτε αὐτὸς ἐπιδέχεται τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς καὶ τοὺς βουλομένους κωλύει 3J 10.—Js 3:12 οὔτε can scarcely be correct, and perh. the text is faulty (s. B-D-F §445, 1; without critique Rob. 1189).—M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > οὔτε

  • 17 ὅς

    ὅς, ἥ, ὅ
    ① as relative pron. who, which, what, that (Hom.+). On its use s. B-D-F §293–97; 377–80; Rydbeck 98–118; W-S. §24; Rob. 711–26, and for ancient Gk. in gener. Kühner-G. II 399ff; Schwyzer II 639–41.
    ⓐ As a general rule, the relative pron. agrees in gender and number w. the noun or pron. to which it refers (i.e. its antecedent); its case is determined by the verb, noun, or prep. that governs it: ὁ ἀστήρ, ὸ̔ν εἶδον Mt 2:9. ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ὅν ἐγὼ καταγγέλλω ὑμῖν Ac 17:3. Ἰουδαῖον, ᾧ (sc. ἦν) ὄνομα Βαριησοῦς 13:6. ὁ Ἰουδαῖος …, οὗ ὁ ἔπαινος Ro 2:29. Ἰσραηλίτης, ἐν ᾧ δόλος οὐκ ἔστιν J 1:47. οὗτος, περὶ οὗ ἀκούω τοιαῦτα Lk 9:9 and very oft.
    ⓑ A demonstrative pron. is freq. concealed within the relative pron.:
    α. in such a way that both pronouns stand in the same case: ὅς the one who ὅς οὐ λαμβάνει Mt 10:38; sim. Mk 4:9; 9:40 (the three w. implied condition). οὗ of the one whose J 18:26. ᾧ to the one to whom Ro 6:16. ὅν the one whom (or someth. sim.) Mk 15:12; J 1:45. οἷς to those for whom Mt 20:23. οὕς those whom Mk 3:13; J 5:21. ὅ that which, what Mt 10:27.—A prep. governing the relative belongs in certain pass. to the (omitted) demonstr. pron. alone: παρʼ ὅ Ro 12:3; Gal 1:8; ὑπὲρ ὅ (ἅ) 1 Cor 10:13; 2 Cor 12:6; Phlm 21; πρὸς ἅ 2 Cor 5:10; εἰς ὅν J 6:29. In others it must be added to both pronouns: ἐν ᾧ in that in which 2 Cor 11:12; 1 Pt 2:12; 3:16 (these passages in 1 Pt may be classed under 1kγ also). ἐν οἷς Phil 4:11. ὑπὲρ οὑ because of that for which 1 Cor 10:30. ἀφʼ ὧν from the persons from whom 2 Cor 2:3.—The much disputed pass. ἑταῖρε, ἐφʼ ὸ̔ πάρει Mt 26:50 would belong here if we were to supply the words necessary to make it read about as follows: friend, (are you misusing the kiss) for that (purpose) for which you are here? (Wlh.; EKlostermann) or thus: in connection with that (=the purposes), for which (=for the realization of which) you have appeared (do you kiss me)? (Rdm.2 78). Friend, are you here for this purpose? FRehkopf, ZNW 52, ’61, 109–15. But s. βב and iβ below.
    β. But the two pronouns can also stand in different cases; in such instances the demonstr. pron. is nearly always in the nom. or acc.
    א. in the nom. οὗ one whose Ac 13:25. ὧν those whose Ro 4:7 (Ps 31:1). ᾧ the one to or for whom Lk 7:43; 2 Pt 1:9. οἷς those to whom Mt 19:11; Ro 15:21 (Is 52:15). ὅ that (nom.) which (acc.) Mt 13:12; 25:29; 26:13; Mk 11:23; Lk 12:3. Likew. ἅ Lk 12:20. ὅν he whom J 3:34; 4:18; Ac 10:21. ἐφʼ ὅν the one about whom Hb 7:13.
    ב. in the acc. ὧν the things of which J 13:29. ᾧ the one (in) whom 2 Ti 1:12. So also w. a prep.: ἐν ᾧ anything by which Ro 14:21. ἐν οἷς things in which 2 Pt 2:12. ἐφʼ ὅ that upon which Lk 5:25. περὶ ὧν the things of which Ac 24:13. ἐφʼ οἷς from the things of which Ro 6:21 (this passage perh. uses a commercial metaphor, for pap s. Mayser II/2, 434f §121). εἰς ὸ̔ν the one in whom Ro 10:14a.—So Mt 26:50 (s. bα above), if the words to be supplied are about as follows: friend, (do that) for which you have come! (so ESchwartz, ByzZ 25, 1925, 154f; EOwen, JTS 29, 1928, 384–86; WSpiegelberg, ZNW 28, 1929, 341–43; FZorell, VD 9, 1929, 112–16; sim. PMaas, Byz.-Neugriech. Jahrb. 8, ’31, 99; 9, ’32, 64; WEltester: OCullmann Festschr., ’62, 70–91; but s. iβ end.—S. Jos., Bell. 2, 615 at πάρειμι 1a).
    ג. Only in isolated instances does the demonstr. pron. to be supplied stand in another case: οὗ = τούτῳ, οὗ in him of whom Ro 10:14b. παρʼ ὧν = τούτοις, παρʼ ὧν Lk 6:34.
    ⓒ Constructions peculiar in some respect
    α. The pleonastic use of the pers. pron. after ὅς (Mlt. 94f; B-D-F §297) γυνὴ ἧς εἶχεν τὸ θυγάτριον αὐτῆς Mk 7:25 is found in older Gk. (Hyperid., Euxen. 3 ὧν … τούτων.—Kühner-G. II 433f), and is not unknown in later Gk. (POxy 117, 15), but above all is suggested by Semitic languages (LXX; GrBar 2:1; Thackeray 46; JHudson, ET 53, ’41/42, 266f); the omission of αὐτῆς in the v.l. is in line w. Gk. usage. οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ Mt 3:12; Lk 3:17. οὗ … τῶν ὑποδημάτων αὐτοῦ Mk 1:7; Lk 3:16. οὗ τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ 1 Pt 2:24 v.l. οὗ καὶ πολλὰ αὐτοῦ συγγράματα EpilMosq 2. In a quot. ἐφʼ οὓς ἐπικέκληται … ἐπʼ αὐτούς Ac 15:17 = Am 9:12. οὗ ἡ πνοὴ αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 21:9. Esp. freq. in Rv 3:8; 7:2, 9; 9:11 v.l.; 13:8, 12; 20:8.
    β. constructions ‘ad sensum’
    א. a relative in the sing. refers to someth. in the pl. οὐρανοῖς … ἐξ οὗ (οὐρανοῦ) Phil 3:20.
    ב. a relative in the pl. refers to a sing. (Jdth 4:8 γερουσία, οἵ) πλῆθος πολύ …, οἳ ἦλθον Lk 6:17f. κατὰ πόλιν πᾶσαν, ἐν αἷς Ac 15:36. Cp. ἤδη δευτέραν ἐπιστολήν, ἐν αἷς (i.e. ἐν ταῖς δυσὶν ἐπιστ.) 2 Pt 3:1.
    ג. the relative conforms to the natural gender rather than the grammatical gender of its antecedent noun τέκνα μου, οὕς Gal 4:19; cp. 2 J 1; Phlm 10. ἔθνη, οἵ Ac 15:17 (Am 9:12); cp. 26:17. παιδάριον, ὅς J 6:9. θηρίον, ὅς Rv 13:14. ὀνόματα, οἵ 3:4 v.l. γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς, ἐν οἷς Phil 2:15. W. ref. to Christ, τὴν κεφαλήν, ἐξ οὗ Col 2:19.
    ⓓ Attraction (or assimilation) of the relative. Just as in Hdt. and freq. Att., ins, pap, LXX, the simple relative ὅς, ἥ, ὅ is somet. attracted to the case of its antecedent, even though the relationship of the relative within its own clause would demand a different case.
    α. In most instances it is the acc. of the rel. that is attracted to the gen. or dat. of the antecedent: περὶ πράγματος οὗ ἐὰν αἰτήσωνται Mt 18:19. τῆς διαθήκης ἧς ὁ θεὸς διέθετο Ac 3:25. Cp. Mt 24:50b; Mk 7:13; Lk 2:20; 3:19; 5:9; 9:43; 15:16; J 4:14; 7:31; 15:20; 17:5; 21:10; Ac 1:1; 2:22; 22:10; 1 Cor 6:19; 2 Cor 1:6; 10:8, 13; Eph 2:10; 2 Th 1:4; Jd 15 al.—When the antecedent is an understood but unexpressed demonstr. pron. (s. b, beg.) that would stand in the gen. or dat., the acc. of a relative pron. can be attracted to this gen. or dat.: οὐδὲν ὧν ἑώρακαν is really οὐδὲν τούτων ἃ ἑώρακαν Lk 9:36 (Schwyzer II 641); ἅ takes on the case of τούτων which, in turn, is omitted (so already Soph., Pla., et al.).—23:14, 41; Ac 8:24; 21:19, 24; 22:15; 25:11; 26:16; Ro 15:18; 1 Cor 7:1; Eph 3:20; Hb 5:8. ὧν = τούτων, οὕς J 17:9; 2 Cor 12:17. οἷς = τούτοις, ἅ Lk 24:25.
    β. The dat. of the relative is less frequently attracted (B-D-F §294, 2; Rob. 717) ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς (=ᾗ) ἀνελήμφθη Ac 1:22 (cp. Lev 23:15; 25:50; Bar 1:19); Eph 1:6; 4:1; 1 Ti 4:6 v.l.; κατέναντι οὗ ἐπίστευσεν θεοῦ = κατέν. τοῦ θεοῦ ᾧ ἐπίστ. Ro 4:17. διὰ τῆς παρακλήσεως ἧς παρακαλούμεθα 2 Cor 1:4.
    γ. In relative clauses that consist of subject, predicate, and copula, the relative pron. somet. agrees in gender and number not w. the noun to which it refers, but w. the predicate if it is the subj. and, conversely, w. the subj. if it is the pred. of its own clause: πνεύματι …, ὅς ἐστιν ἀρραβών Eph 1:14 v.l. τῷ σπέρματί σου, ὅς ἐστιν Χριστός Gal 3:16. τὴν μάχαιραν τοῦ πνεύματος, ὅ ἐστιν ῥῆμα θεοῦ Eph 6:17.—Rv 4:5; 5:8.
    δ. Inverse attraction occurs when the relative pronoun attracts its antecedent to its own case (as early as Hom.; also Soph., Oed. Rex 449; s. Kühner-G. II 413; Schwyzer II 641; B-D-F §295; Rob. 717f); τὸν ἄρτον ὸ̔ν κλῶμεν, οὐχὶ κοινωνία … ἐστιν; = ὁ ἄρτος ὅν … 1 Cor 10:16. λίθον, ὸ̔ν ἀπεδοκίμασαν … οὗτος ἐγενήθη (Ps 117:22) Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17; 1 Pt 2:7 v.l.—παντὶ ᾧ ἐδόθη πολύ, πολὺ ζητηθήσεται παρʼ αὐτοῦ Lk 12:48. ὅρκον, ὸ̔ν ὤμοσεν (=μνησθῆναι ὅρκου ὅν) 1:73 (s. W-S. §24, 7 note). τοὺς λίθους, οὓς εἶδες, ἀποβεβλημένους, οὗτοι … ἐφόρεσαν Hs 9, 13, 3. Cp. 1J 2:25.
    ε. Attraction can, as in earlier Gk. (Thu. 2, 70, 4), fail to take place when the relative clause is more distinctly separated fr. its antecedent by additional modifiers of the noun and by the importance attaching to the content of the relative clause itself (B-D-F §294, 1; Rob. 714f): τῆς σκηνῆς τῆς ἀληθινῆς, ἣν ἔπηξεν ὁ κύριος, οὐκ ἄνθρωπος Hb 8:2. But s. also Mk 13:19; J 2:22; 4:5; Ac 8:32; 1 Ti 4:3; Tit 1:2; Phlm 10; Hb 9:7; Rv 1:20.
    ⓔ The noun which is the antecedent of a relative clause can be incorporated into the latter
    α. without abbreviating the constr. and without attraction of the case: ᾗ οὐ δοκεῖτε ὥρᾳ = τῇ ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ δοκ. Mt 24:44; cp. Lk 12:40; 17:29, 30. ἃ ἡτοίμασαν ἀρώματα 24:1. ὸ̔ ἐποίησεν σημεῖον J 6:14. ὸ̔ θέλω ἀγαθόν Ro 7:19.
    β. w. abbreviation, in that a prep. normally used twice is used only once: ἐν ᾧ κρίματι κρίνετε κριθήσεσθε = ἐν τῷ κρίματι, ἐν ᾧ κρίνετε, κριθήσεσθε Mt 7:2a. Cp. vs. 2b; Mk 4:24. ἐν ᾧ ἦν τόπῳ = ἐν τῷ τόπῳ ἐν ᾧ ἦν J 11:6. καθʼ ὸ̔ν τρόπον = κατὰ τὸν τρόπον, καθʼ ὅν Ac 15:11.
    γ. w. a change in case, due mostly to attraction
    א. of the relative pron. περὶ πάντων ὧν ἐποίησεν πονηρῶν = περὶ πάντων πονηρῶν, ἃ ἐπ. Lk 3:19. περὶ πασῶν ὧν εἶδον δυνάμεων = περὶ πασῶν δυνάμεων, ἃς εἶδον 19:37. αἰτίαν … ὧν ἐγὼ ὑπενόουν πονηρῶν Ac 25:18.—The dat. of the relative is also attracted to other cases: ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας = ἄχρι τῆς ἡμέρας, ᾖ Mt 24:38; Lk 1:20; 17:27; Ac 1:2. ἀφʼ ἧς ἡμέρας Col 1:6, 9.
    ב. of the noun to which the rel. refers: ὸ̔ν ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα Ἰωάννην, οὗτος ἠγέρθη = Ἰωάννης ὸ̔ν κτλ. Mk 6:16 εἰς ὸ̔ν παρεδόθητε τύπον διδαχῆς = τῷ τύπῳ τῆς διδαχῆς εἰς ὸ̔ν παρεδόθητε Ro 6:17.
    δ. The analysis is doubtful in passages like περὶ ὧν κατηχήθης λόγων = περὶ τῶν λόγων οὓς κατηχήθης or τῶν λόγων, περὶ ὧν κατηχήθης Lk 1:4. ἄγοντες παρʼ ᾧ ξενισθῶμεν Μνάσωνι Ac 21:16 must acc. to the sense = ἄγοντες πρὸς Μνάσωνα, ἵνα ξενισθῶμεν παρʼ αὐτῷ. S. B-D-F §294, 5; Rob. 719.
    ⓕ The prep. can be omitted before the relative pron. if it has already been used before the antecedent noun: ἐν παντὶ χρόνῳ ᾧ (=ἐν ὧ.) Ac 1:21. εἰς τὸ ἔργον ὅ (=εἰς ὅ) 13:2. ἀπὸ πάντων ὧν (=ἀφʼ ὧν) vs. 38. Cp. 26:2. ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ (=ἐν ᾧ) Rv 18:6.
    ⓖ The neut. is used
    α. in explanations, esp. of foreign words and of allegories: ὅ ἐστιν which or that is, which means: βασιλεὺς Σαλήμ, ὅ ἐστιν βασιλεὺς εἰρήνης Hb 7:2; cp. Mt 27:33; Mk 3:17; 7:11, 34; 15:42. Also ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον Mt 1:23; Mk 5:41; Ac 4:36; cp. J 1:38, 41f. ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενος κρανίου τόπος Mk 15:22 v.l. (for μεθερμηνευόμενον). τόπος, ὸ̔ λέγεται, Ἑβραϊστὶ Γολγοθά J 19:17.—S. also αὐλῆς, ὅ ἐστιν πραιτώριον Mk 15:16. λεπτὰ δὺο, ὅ ἐστιν κοδράντης 12:42. τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἡ ἐκκλησία Col 1:24. πλεονέκτης ὅ ἐστιν εἰδωλολάτρης Eph 5:5. τὴν ἀγάπην ὅ ἐστιν σύνδεσμος τῆς τελειότητος Col 3:14.—B-D-F §132, 2.
    β. when the relative pron. looks back upon a whole clause: τοῦτον τ. Ἰησοῦν ἀνέστησεν ὁ θεός, οὗ πάντες ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν μάρτυρες Ac 2:32; cp. 3:15; 11:30; 26:9f; Gal 2:10; Col 1:29; 1 Pt 2:8; Rv 21:8.
    γ. ὅ is to be understood as an obj. acc. and gains its content fr. what immediately follows in these places (s. W-S. §24, 9; Rob. 715): ὸ̔ ἀπέθανεν, τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ ἀπέθανεν ἐφάπαξ = τὸν θάνατον, ὸ̔ν ἀπέθανεν κτλ. what he died, i.e. the death he suffered, he suffered for sin Ro 6:10a; cp. vs. 10b. ὸ̔ νῦν ζῶ ἐν σαρκί the life that I now live in the flesh Gal 2:20.
    ⓗ The relative is used w. consecutive or final mng. (result or purpose): τίς ἔγνω νοῦν κυρίου, ὸ̔ς συμβιβάσει αὐτόν; who has known the mind of the Lord, so that he could instruct him? 1 Cor 2:16 (cp. Is 40:13). ἄξιός ἐστιν ᾧ παρέξῃ τοῦτο he is worthy that you should grant him this Lk 7:4. ἀποστέλλω τὸν ἄγγελόν μου …, ὸ̔ς κατασκευάσει Mt 11:10. ἔπεμψα Τιμόθεον …, ὸ̔ς ὑμᾶς ἀναμνήσει 1 Cor 4:17. ἔχετε μεθʼ ἑαυτῶν, εἰς οὓς ἐργάσεσθε τὸ καλόν 21:2.
    ⓘ taking the place of the interrogative pron.
    α. in indirect questions (Soph., Oed. Rex 1068; Thu. 1, 136, 4; Attic ins of 411 B.C. in Meisterhans3-Schw.; pap [Witkowski 30, 7]; oft. Joseph. [Schmidt 369]; Just., D. 44, 4 διʼ ἧς ὁδοῦ). ὸ̔ ἐγὼ ποιῶ what I am doing J 13:7. ἃ λέγουσιν 1 Ti 1:7 (Just., D. 9, 1 οὐ γὰρ οἶδας ὸ̔ λέγεις).—J 18:21.
    β. NT philology has generally dismissed the proposition that ὅς is used in direct questions (Mlt. 93; B-D-F §300, 2; Radermacher2 78; PMaas [see 1bβב above]). An unambiguous example of it is yet to be found. Even the ins on a goblet in Dssm., LO 100ff [LAE 125–31], ET 33, 1922, 491–93 leaves room for doubt. Therefore also the translation of ἐφʼ ὸ̔ πάρει Mt 26:50 as ‘what are you here for?’ (so Goodsp., Probs. 41–43; similarly, as early as Luther, later Dssm.; JWilson, ET 41, 1930, 334) has been held suspect. S. ZNW 52, ’61, 109ff.—Rob. 725 doubts the interrogative here, but Mlt-Turner 50 inclines toward it. If further proof for interrogative use of ὅς can be found, lit.-crit. considerations (s. vv. 14–16) invite attention to the v.l. (s. Tdf. app.) ἐφʼ ᾦ, a combination used in commercial documents (PGrenf II, 17, 2; 5; Mayser II/1 p. 215); the colloquial use suggests the sense: What deal did you make?—See also 1bβב above.
    ⓙ combined w. particles
    α. with ἄν (ἐάν), s. ἄν I. b.
    β. with γέ (s. γέ aβ and cp. PFlor 370, 9) Ro 8:32.
    γ. w. δήποτε whatever J 5:3(4) v.l. (the vv.ll. vary betw. οἵῳ and ᾧ, δηποτοῦν and δήποτε).
    δ. w. καί who also Mk 3:19; Lk 6:13f; 7:49 al.
    ε. with περ = ὅσπερ, ἥπερ, ὅπερ (TestSol, TestAbr; TestJob 7:13; JosAs 14:12; GrBar; ApcSed 2:1; Jos., Ant. 2, 277, Vi. 95; apolog. [exc. Mel.]) just the one who Mk 15:6 v.l. ὅπερ which indeed Ox 840, 35; ISm 4:1. πάντα ἅπερ whatever GPt 11:45.
    ⓚ used w. preposition (s. also above: 1bα; 1bβב; 1eβ,γ; 1f, and s. Johannessohn, Präp. 382f [ind.]), whereby a kind of conjunction is formed:
    α. with ἀντί: ἀνθʼ ὧν (s. ἀντί 4) because Lk 1:20; 19:44; Ac 12:23; 2 Th 2:10; therefore Lk 12:3.
    β. w. εἰς: εἰς ὅ to this end 2 Th 1:11.
    γ. with ἐν: ἐν οἷς connects w. the situation described in what precedes under which circumstances = under these circumstances Lk 12:1; Ac 24:18 v.l.; 26:12. So also perh. ἐν ᾧ 1 Pt 1:6; 2:12; 3:16, 19; 4:4. S. also ἐν 7 and cp. 1bα above.
    δ. w. ἐπί: ἐφʼ ᾧ (normally, ‘for which’: Plut., Cimon 483 [8, 6] Cimon receives honors in requital for his generous deed [cp. the pl. ἐφʼ οἷς IPriene 114, 22 of honors heaped on a gymnasiarch for his numerous contributions]; cp. Plut., Mor. 522e and Diog. L. 7, 173. Conversely Plut., Aratus 1048 [44, 4]: A. suffers some dishonor ‘for what’ he did to one of his associates) has freq. been interpreted=ἐπὶ τούτῳ ὅτι for the reason that, because Ro 5:12 (lit. on ἁμαρτία 3a); 2 Cor 5:4; Phil 3:12; for 4:10. But a commercial metaphor may find expression in the first 3 passages cited here; s. ἐπί 6c. Difft. on Ro 5:12 JFitzmyer, NTS 39, ’93, 321–39; also comm. (Anchor), ad loc.: ‘with the result that, so that’
    ε. οὗ χάριν therefore Lk 7:47.
    ζ. in indications of time: ἀφʼ ἧς (s. ἀπό 2bγ and cp. BGU 252, 9 [98 A.D.]) from the time when; since Lk 7:45; Ac 24:11; 2 Pt 3:4; Hs 8, 6, 6 v.l.; as soon as, after 8, 1, 4.—ἀφʼ οὗ (s. ἀπό 2bγ) when once, since Lk 13:25; 24:21; Rv 16:18. ἄχρι οὗ (s. ἄχρι 1bα) until (the time when) Ac 7:18; Ro 11:25; 1 Cor 11:26; Gal 3:19. Also ἕως οὗ until Mt 1:25; 13:33; 14:22; 17:9; Lk 13:21; D 11:6 al. μέχρις οὗ until Mk 13:30; Gal 4:19.—On the gen. οὗ as an adv. of place s. it as a separate entry.
    ② Demonstrative pron. this (one) (Hom.+; prose of Hdt. et al. [Kühner-G. II 228f]; pap, LXX).
    ⓐ ὸ̔ς δέ but he (Ps.-Lucian, Philopatris 22; PRyl 144, 14 [38 A.D.]) Mk 15:23; J 5:11 v.l. Mostly
    ⓑ ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὸ̔ς δέ the one … the other (Hippocr.+; very oft. in later wr.; POxy 1189, 7 [c. 117 A.D.]; SibOr 3, 654) the masc. in var. cases of sing. and pl. Mt 22:5; Lk 23:33; Ac 27:44; Ro 14:5; 1 Cor 11:21; 2 Cor 2:16; Jd 22f. ὸ̔ μὲν … ὸ̔ δέ this … that Ro 9:21. ἃ μὲν … ἃ δέ (Lucian, Rhet. Praec. 15) some … others 2 Ti 2:20. ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὸ̔ς δὲ … ὸ̔ς δέ Mt 21:35; 25:15 (Lucian, Tim. 57 διδοὺς … ᾧ μὲν πέντε δραχμάς, ᾧ δέ μνᾶν, ᾧ δὲ ἡμιτάλαντον). ὸ̔ μὲν … ὸ̔ δὲ … ὸ̔ δέ Mt 13:8b, 23. ᾧ μὲν … ἄλλῳ δὲ … ἑτέρῳ (ἄλλῳ δέ is then repeated five times, and before the last one there is a second ἑτέρῳ) 1 Cor 12:8–10. ὸ̔ μὲν … καὶ ἄλλο κτλ. Mk 4:4. ὸ̔ μὲν … καὶ ἕτερον (repeated several times) Lk 8:5. ἃ μὲν … ἄλλα δέ (repeated several times) Mt 13:4–8a. In anacoluthon οὓς μέν without οὓς δέ 1 Cor 12:28. ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὁ δὲ ἀσθενῶν Ro 14:2.—B-D-F §250. MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 100f.—DELG 1 ὅς. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὅς

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